Stanberry, Anne M. (1991). Home Economists in the Workplace: Formulating HIV/AIDS Policy. Journal of Home Economics, v83 n1 p27-28,44-47 Spr. Reviews facts about human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), HIV transmission, and prevention of HIV/AIDS; discusses risks for contracting HIV; reviews relevant legislation regarding the rights of employees, employers, and consumers; describes HIV/AIDS workplace policies and procedures; and presents implications for home economists. (Author/JOW)…

Gauch, Patricia Lee (1991). The New Hero in Children's Literature. New Advocate, v4 n4 p209-20 Fall. Asserts that people have used animals in literature as long as there has been writing, because animals give people a way to characterize themselves. Argues that animals are being regarded in new, heroic ways in children's books, more and more without human distortions, but as heroes in their own right. (PRA)…

Western, David (2000). Conservation in a Human-Dominated World. California Journal of Science Education, v1 n1 p7-26 Fall. The policies, practices, and institutions needed to imbed conservation in society should aim to change the perceptions of conservation from a cost of development to human advancement and welfare. Discusses the rise of modern conservation and rights, complexity, and change. Emphasizes the need for flexible and adaptive conservation strategies. (ASK)…

Casey, Dayle A. (1965). Liberty and Law: The Nature of Individual Rights. Teacher and Student Manuals. This social studies unit considers the nature and sources of the individual rights of American citizenship as well as the complexity of the federal system as it operates on the liberties of the individual and relates to state government. The unit is structured chronologically to indicate that the history of liberty is largely the history of legal procedures. It notes changes in the understanding of individual rights from early manifestations in England, through the 18th century American contributions in the Bill of Rights, to the Fourteenth Amendment. To further illuminate how legal processes affect the acquisition of human liberties, the 1963 "Gideon v. Wainwright" decision and the right to counsel are discussed. The right to trial by jury in federal court, the use of evidence without a warrant, and extensions of the right to counsel are then considered as examples of the part that the Supreme Court has played since the Twenties in the reaffirmation of civil liberties…. [PDF]

Dash, Leon (2007). Journalism and Institutional Review Boards. Qualitative Inquiry, v13 n6 p871-874 Sep. The author opposes any Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) overseeing the work of journalism professors and journalism students in any academic institution. He argues that the tendency for IRBs to require anonymity for persons interviewed immediately reduces the credibility of any journalistic story. The composition of an IRB is questioned on grounds that its faculty and public members may be uncomfortable with the thrust of a journalistic inquiry and, in reaction, thwart the intention of a journalist by refusing approval. The medical human subject IRB model of oversight is supported, but the author is perplexed how this medical model has awkwardly extended into such areas a social science. The journalist's first obligation is to the public's right to know under the First Amendment of the U. S. Constitution and IRB oversight unconstitutionally interferes with that obligation. Moreover, IRB oversight amounts to \prior restraint,\ a practice the U. S. Supreme Court ruled is… [Direct]

Johnson, Judith A. (1987). Basic Realities of Global Education. WCCI Forum: Journal of the World Council for Curriculum and Instruction, v1 n1 p62-65 Jun. States the need for global education and suggests ways in which it might be accomplished most effectively. Suggestions include focusing on (1) the oneness of humankind; (2) the innate goodness of human beings; (3) equality between men and women; (4) the right to education; and (5) the necessity of ecological harmony. (BSR)…

Osman, Siham A. (1985). An Explosion of Creativity in a Remote Egyptian Village. Art Education, v38 n3 p35-37 May. The Egyptian architect Wissa Wassef believed artistry in crafts to be an innate human characteristic that would be universally expressed under the right conditions, i.e., the practice of the craft from early childhood. When he had Egyptian peasant children with no previous art experience weave tapestries, the results astounded the world. (RM)…

Macfarlane, Aidan; Turner, Sara (1978). Localisation of Human Speech by the Newborn Baby and the Effects of Pethidine ('Meperidine'). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, v20 n6 p227-34 Dec. Eight newborn babies were tested to see whether they could make discriminating head-turn responses to the sound of a 9-second recording of a human voice coming 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 80 degrees from the midline, from either the right or left side. Journal availability: see EC 113 765. (Author)…

Bayer, Ronald; Levine, Carol (1989). The Ethics of Screening for Early Intervention in HIV Disease. American Journal of Public Health, v79 n12 p1661-67 Dec. Discusses the ethical aspects of screening and testing for clinical detection of individuals infected with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Careful consideration must be given to individuals' rights, respect for their privacy, and society's obligations to provide needed clinical and social services in translating cautious medical optimism into ethically justified policies. (AF)…

Fege, Arnold (1991). Putting Children's Issues before Congress. Report from Washington. PTA Today, v16 n4 p22-23 Feb. Describes a trip by youth from around the nation to Washington, DC, to testify about various issues (e.g., drug abuse, disability rights, and foster care) at a hearing before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Human Resources as part of National Children's week. Photographs from the hearing are included. (SM)…

Janangelo, Joseph (1992). Theorizing Tutorials: Using Cassirer's Concepts of "Word Magic" to Interpret Writing Conferences. Journal of Teaching Writing, v11 n2 p219-31. Shows how tutorial encounters enact gradations and extremes in the manner of Ernst Cassirer's concept of "word magic." Argues that tutorials in which students try to find the "right words" illustrate the need to make written language commensurate with human thought. Narrates several case studies illustrating these insights. (HB)…

Rabino, Isaac (2003). Genetic Testing and Its Implications: Human Genetics Researchers Grapple with Ethical Issues. Science, Technology, and Human Values, v28 n3 p365-402 Sum. Contributes systematic data on the attitudes of scientific experts who engage in human genetics research about the pros, cons, and ethical implications of genetic testing. Finds that they are highly supportive of voluntary testing and the right to know one's genetic heritage. Calls for greater genetic literacy. (Contains 87 references.) (Author/NB)…

Guichard, Stephanie; Larre, Benedicte (2006). Enhancing Portugal's Human Capital. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 505. OECD Publishing (NJ1) The lack of human capital in Portugal has become a key obstacle to higher growth. This paper discusses the performance of education and training services in Portugal and shows that improvements are needed to narrow the significant human capital gap with other OECD countries. Despite progress in the past decades, Portuguese children spend comparatively few years in formal education, and they do not perform as well as children from other OECD countries. Adults, especially the least educated, do not participate enough in lifelong learning and training programmes. This situation does not stem from a lack of resources devoted to education and training but from inefficiencies and misallocation of spending, and weaknesses in the quality of the services that compound the low starting point of Portugal regarding education. Modernizing the Portuguese economy therefore requires a broad reform which increases human capital at all levels. The ongoing efforts of the authorities in the three areas… [Direct]

Merseth, Katherine K. (2009). Inside Urban Charter Schools: Promising Practices and Strategies in Five High-Performing Schools. Harvard Education Press "Inside Urban Charter Schools" offers an unprecedentedly intimate glimpse into the world of charter schools by profiling five high-performing urban charter schools serving predominantly low-income, minority youth in Massachusetts. Interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations conducted over the course of two years flesh out rich and colorful portraits of daily life in these schools. Using an analytic framework grounded in research on nonprofit management and effective schools, the authors show that these schools excel along the organizational dimensions of structure, systems, human resource strategies, culture, and clarity of mission. By raising provocative questions for parents, educators, policymakers, and scholars, the book makes a powerful contribution to important conversations about the purpose of K-12 schooling in the twenty-first century and what it will take to enable all schools–whether charter or traditional–to successfully educate all students. The… [Direct]

Suggs, Welch (2009). Old Challenges and New Opportunities for Studying the Financial Aspects of Intercollegiate Athletics. New Directions for Higher Education, n148 p11-22 Win. The infrastructure, both physical and human, devoted to intercollegiate athletics at the largest U.S. universities is more comprehensive and impressive than the Olympic training facilities of most countries. More challenging is determining the extent of the significant investment that these institutions make in their sports programs. Many programs, particularly outside the most prominent ones, receive an annual subsidy from the institution in the form of a general fund appropriation, an earmark of student fees, or even an appropriation of state funds. However, should an observer trace such funds, it remains virtually impossible to assign a total cost of an athletics program to the institution whose name it bears, as well as comparing it with competitors. Over the years, even as the exploding costs associated with arms races in facilities and salaries have become policy issues, the lack of complete and consistent data on the finances of intercollegiate sports has become a concern in… [Direct]

Davidson, Patrick S. R.; Grady, Cheryl L.; Han, Hua; Kim, Alice S. N.; Moscovitch, Morris; Spaniol, Julia (2009). Event-Related fMRI Studies of Episodic Encoding and Retrieval: Meta-Analyses Using Activation Likelihood Estimation. Neuropsychologia, v47 n8-9 p1765-1779 Jul. The recent surge in event-related fMRI studies of episodic memory has generated a wealth of information about the neural correlates of encoding and retrieval processes. However, interpretation of individual studies is hampered by methodological differences, and by the fact that sample sizes are typically small. We submitted results from studies of episodic memory in healthy young adults, published between 1998 and 2007, to a voxel-wise quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation [Laird, A. R., McMillan, K. M., Lancaster, J. L., Kochunov, P., Turkeltaub, P. E., & Pardo, J. V., et al. (2005). \A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the stroop task.\ \Human Brain Mapping, 25\, 6-21]. We conducted separate meta-analyses for four contrasts of interest: episodic encoding success as measured in the subsequent-memory paradigm (subsequent Hit vs. Miss), episodic retrieval success (Hit vs. Correct Rejection), objective recollection (e.g., Source Hit… [Direct]

Cherednichenko, G. A. (2009). The Study of Foreign Languages Abroad: Mastery and Results. Russian Education and Society, v51 n4 p29-49 Apr. Knowing a foreign language is of crucial importance in ensuring the effectiveness of an education abroad. Essentially, the practice of teaching and mastering a foreign language serves as a means of intercultural communication, a conduit of interaction in a new sociocultural environment, and a mediator through which to assimilate new norms and models of behavior. One's assimilation of the cultural traditions and mastery of social norms and rules, as well as models of behavior in the country where one is staying, all come about first and foremost through mastery of the language of that nation. All stages of learning (preliminary acquaintance with the foreign language and the culture of the nation while in Russia, the initial practice of interacting in a foreign language, an individual's adjustment to a new environment, long-term immersion in the foreign cultural context, and a thorough mastery of conversational and other forms of the foreign language) are all aspects that essentially… [Direct]

(1977). Oversight on the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Handicapped of the Committee on Human Resources, U.S. Senate, 95th Congress, First Session. Presented is testimony given before the Subcommittee on the Handicapped of the Senate Committee on Human Resources regarding the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. Statements are included from representatives of such agencies and organizations as the National Association for Retarded Citizens, American Occupational Therapy Association, Epilepsy Foundation of America, United Cerebral Palsy Association, and the National Association of Coordinators of State Programs for the Mentally Retarded. (CL)…

(1987). Alternative Reproductive Technologies: Implications for Children and Families. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session (May 21, 1987). A hearing was held for the purpose of receiving testimony about alternative reproductive technologies and their implications for children, families, and society. Testimony provided: (1) a comparison of in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer, and trends in in vitro fertilization; (2) a summary of definitions, statistics, and the human and financial costs of infertility; (3) an argument for addressing underlying social causes of infertility; (4) a discussion of the Vatican's position on the human dignity of the child and the integrity of marriage and the family, and application of these principles to federal policy on in vitro fertilization; (5) an exploration of the implications of married couples' rights to reproduce coitally in relation to rights of infertile couples to use noncoital techniques to procreate; (6) recommendations for state and federal legislation; (7) a consideration of the role of federal and state laws and how they should develop in relation to… [PDF]

Magsino, Romulo F. (1980). Student Rights in Newfoundland and the United States: A Comparative Study. Official policies concerning students' rights in Newfoundland and in the United States are examined, and standards of justification for students' rights are discussed. A questionnaire was sent to each school district superintendent in Newfoundland and to 100 selected superintendents in the State of Wisconsin. The response rate from Newfoundland was 66%; from the United States, 56%. The superintendents were asked to indicate policies concerning students' rights to free speech, free press, association membership, personal appearance and behavior, reasonable punishment, privacy, due process, and academic matters. Results showed that, in spite of the many U.S. Supreme Court rulings on student rights, only in the area of due process do over 50% of the Wisconsin school boards have an officially adopted policy. In Newfoundland, even fewer school boards have official policies. The study concludes that many current standards of justification for students' rights–i.e., the student as a…

Miller, Cynthia A. (1986). Can Hemispheric Lateralizaton Be Used as a Predictor of Success for Black Women in College Mathematics Courses?. Research supports the premise that various mathematical topics can be categorized as being performed better by the left or right brain hemisphere. Hemispheric lateralization is defined as a learner's preferred hemisphere of control. Torrence's \Human Information Processing Survey\ was given to 170 black female college students enrolled in Precalculus I (college algebra), Precalculus II (trigonometry, vectors, conics, and complex numbers), or Analysis I (beginning calculus for mathematics/science majors) to measure lateralization preference. Overall course grade was used to measure mathematical success/failure. Using a dichotomous left/right lateralization classification, descriptive statistics indicated that successful Precalculus I students were usually left dominant while unsuccessful students were usually right dominant. Successful Precalculus II students tended to be right dominant, while unsuccessful students were usually left dominant. No lateralization differences were…

Gadzella, Bernadette M.; And Others (1991). Differences in Recall of Pictures and Words as a Function of Hemisphericity. Differences between left and right hemispheric subjects in recalling information presented as pictures and words were studied. The hemisphericity of 133 college students (37 males and 96 females) was identified using the Human Information Process Survey. These subjects were shown 25 concrete nouns individually either as pictures or words. The data were evaluated using analysis of variance by hemisphericity, modality, gender, and age groups, respectively. The differences between left and right hemispherics on pictures and words did not quite reach statistical significance, although the trend was indicative of previously reported findings. There were significant differences when pictures and words, respectively, were shown to left and right hemispherics. In both cases, picture information was recalled much better. Left hemispheric women recalled more words than did right hemispheric women, and women were generally left hemispheric. The 2 older age groups, 21 through 29 years, and 30…

Brody, Ilene N., Ed.; Vardin, Patricia A., Ed. (1979). Children's Rights; Contemporary Perspectives. This volume emerged as an outgrowth of a conference on Children's Rights and Child Advocacy held at Teachers College, Columbia University, in June of 1977. The contributors include child advocates from the fields of law, education, psychology, and government. The writers maintain several focal points in their papers. Central to their arguments is an acknowledgment of the child as a human being, as an individual to be respected, and as one who is greatly influenced by his or her environment. A second point of focus is on the struggle for an articulation of what the rights of children should be from a humanistic as well as a legalistic perspective. A third crucial issue is a consideration of the guarantee of children's rights. A fourth theme is crisis prevention and prescriptive child advocacy measures. The concluding chapter is devoted to providing an opportunity for children to express their thoughts and feelings about children's rights. (Author/IRT)…

Bradford, Virginia M. (1988). Confusion in Education: Teachers' Issues Regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the Classroom. A discussion is presented on the problems and conflicts that arise over the question of admitting children with Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) to the school classroom. Legal, educational, and ethical questions are involved, including the applicability of federal statutes regarding the handicapped, the right to confidentiality, public safety, and health education. These issues are addressed through an examination of the literature on education, bioethics, and law. While common law guarantees the right to an education, the state may impose certain restrictions to protect public health. However, federal statutes regarding the handicapped provide HIV-infected children with access to regular classrooms, and privacy and confidentiality are safeguarded by federal statute. Drawing from commentary from 1981 to the persent, a sound structural basis for curriculum development for education on HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered. This includes suggestions for… [PDF]

Shedletsky, Leonard J. (1980). Cerebral Asymmetry for Aspects of Language Processing. In a previous study, subjects that heard a monaurally presented two-clause sentence immediately followed by a probe word (identical word recognition) were faster at recognizing the probe as a sentence word with their left ears than with their right ears. This result suggested that the right ear was particularly efficient at transforming linguistic, auditory stimuli into an abstract representation of meaning. In a replication of this earlier study, 20 college students completed either the task for identical word recognition or a task requiring semantic matching (saying a synonym). As predicted, the structural task produced a left ear advantage similar to the earlier results, while the semantic task produced a right ear advantage. Right/left ear reaction times varied as a function of both task and the position of the target word. Right ear responses exhibited particular difficulty with recognizing words in initial clauses, while the reaction times between the left and right ears for… [PDF]

Dowd, E. Thomas; Emener, William G. (1978). Lifeboat Counseling: The Issue of Survival Decisions. Journal of Rehabilitation, 44, 3, 34-6, Jul-Aug-Sep 78. Rehabilitation counseling, as a profession, needs to look at future world possibilities, especially in light of overpopulation, and be aware that the need may arise for adjusting basic assumptions about human life–from the belief that every individual has a right to a meaningful life to the notion of selecting who shall live. (DTT)…

Bennett, M. Elizabeth; And Others (1993). Predictors of Dental Students' Belief in the Right to Refuse Treatment to HIV-Positive Patients. Journal of Dental Education, v57 n9 p673-79 Sep. A study found that, among 181 dental students, belief in the right to refuse treatment to human-immunovirus (HIV)-positive patients was best predicted by nonprofessional attitudes, low optimism, low level of comfort with homosexuality, and gender. Knowledge of HIV, year in dental school, and fear of contagion were not reliable predictors. (Author/MSE)…

Zollman, Mary Ann (1993). Formative Correctional Education: A Process of Reformation and Transformation through Evocation of the Heart of Being. Journal of Correctional Education, v44 n2 p92-99 Jun. Suggests that educators are called to define and describe truth more foundationally than before if they are to facilitate existence that is right, just, and correct. Describes the shift from the Newtonian model of what it means to be human to a more Einsteinian understanding and its requirement of more formative learning processes. (Author/JOW)…

Kennedy, Donald; Merrill, Richard A. (2000). Science and the Law. Issues in Science and Technology, v16 n4 p49-51 Sum. Explaines the role of the Carnegie Commission which was formed to explore the relationship between the disciplines of science, technology, and the law. Discusses concerns about the individual right of privacy in projects such as the Human Genome Project. Focuses on the panel on Science, Technology, and Law which was established in 1999. (YDS)…

Biklen, Douglas; Schein, Philip Lambert (2001). Public and Professional Constructions of Mental Retardation: Glen Ridge and the Missing Narrative of Disability Rights. Mental Retardation, v39 n6 p436-51 Dec. This article discusses a court case of an adolescent labeled retarded who was sexually assaulted. It examines implications of being spoken about and of others speaking for the labeled person. It then considers how a disability rights/People First framework could shift public and professional understandings and responses to human abuse. (Contains references.) (CR)…