Meeker, Mary (1985). Brain Research: The Necessity for Separating Sites, Actions and Functions. Educators, as applied scientists, must work in partnership with investigative scientists who are researching brain functions in order to reach a better understanding of gifted students and students who are intelligent but do not learn. Improper understanding of brain functions can cause gross errors in educational placement. Until recently, the popularity of IQ scores has curtailed the understanding of the measurement of demonstrated functions in human intelligence. Tests based on the Structure of Intellect (SOI), first published in 1975, evaluate 26 abilities that are highly predictable of success in school. They are based on the theories of J. P. Guilford who differentiated 96 kinds of intelligence that could be identified factorially. The Guilford model predicted the separation of sites of brain functions clearly. The Contents dimension of the model, comprised of Figural Intelligence, Symbolic Intelligence, and Semantic-Verbal Intelligence, actually maps the functions of the… [PDF]

Hallett, Jeffrey J. (1987). Worklife Visions. Redefining Work for the Information Economy. The changing economy is affecting everyone's life, especially from the standpoint of prospects for earning a living and pursuing a meaningful career. A clear understanding of the changing nature and dimensions of work is a necessary requisite to planning careers, managing employees, and developing effective employment policies. Preparing for the future also requires an understanding of the shift from the industrial to the information economy. The workplace is especially turbulent at the present time, with nothing seeming certain except for change and even more uncertainty. Technological advancement provides, for the first time, a tool to expand the capabilities of human imaginations rather than human muscles. The Japanese have brought a different perspective and new approaches to management and organization that are likely to have a major impact on the future. Productivity, quality, excellence, innovation, and entrepreneurship are becoming increasingly important. The traditional…

Greene, Maxine (1982). Equality of Opportunity: Perspectives and Possibilities. A survey of the concept of equality in American thought and literature reveals varying attitudes about socioeconomic opportunities and the function of education. In 1848, de Tocqueville foresaw that industrialization would create a manufacturing aristocracy which would be a threat to the equality demonstrated in agrarian America. During the Jacksonian era, appeals to equality and a classless society were met with disinterest, mockery, and defiance. As both women and children began to suffer the inequities of industrialism, literary artists depicted human beings less than equal because of social and political practices, economic arrangements, and the human condition itself. In the post-Jacksonian era, Horace Mann proposed an educational system that would equalize the conditions of men. Education was to bring children from all backgrounds together for moral instruction; the schools were to be the primary force in social change. The Progressives remained confident in the power of…

Carter, Gary W.; Israelson, Enid; Rothenberg, Mark; Saad, Syed (1999). Testing and Assessment: An Employer's Guide to Good Practices. This guide was developed to help managers and human resource (HR) professionals use assessment practices that are the right choices for reaching their organizations' HR goals. It provides information about assessment practices so that managers and HR professionals can evaluate and select assessment tools and procedures that maximize chances for getting the right fit between jobs and employees; administer and score assessment tools that are the most efficient and effective for their needs; interpret assessment results accurately; and understand the professional and legal standards to be followed when conducting personnel assessment. The guide is structured around a set of 13 assessment principles and their applications. Each of the nine chapters covers one of these critical aspects of the assessment process: (1) personnel assessment; (2) understanding the legal context of assessment–employment laws and regulations with implications for assessment; (3) understanding test… [PDF]

Sanchez, Tony (2007). The Forgotten American: A Story for Character Education. International Journal of Social Education, v21 n2 p79-90 Fall 2006-Win. As character education continues to be an objective of the social studies, the more effective educators have taken up the challenge by first understanding the principles of their discipline and the opportunities for examining the values of character to be encountered. Social studies is rediscovering the focus on the actual men and women of history as a major cog in teaching character, a method once widely used in American schools and currently utilized successfully in foreign schools. But this focus cannot be a matter of relating simple, irrelevant facts. Rather, it requires the element of story-telling. History abounds with stories of the human struggle, a perspective that opens a myriad of opportunities for character education. This article shares the story of Dr. Tom Dooley, a Navy doctor whose name and exploits have surprisingly never graced the pages of an American history textbook. Despite the fact that during the peak of the Cold War in the 1950s he was acclaimed as one of the… [PDF]

Cardenas, Jose A., Ed. (1979). [The IDRA Newsletter of the Mental Health Research Project, 1979-1981]. Articles in seven newsletters of the Intercultural Development Research Association's Mental Health Research Project emphasize community mental health, human, and child welfare services to Mexican Americans, particularly in Texas. Topics include social policy formation in child welfare services, utilization of community mental health clinics (CMHCs) by Mexican Americans, Texas state government reorganization to better serve Mexican American mental health needs, Mexican American women as subjects and investigators of social science research, depression in Mexican American women, psychiatric treatment relevance for Hispanic inpatients, responsibilities of CMHCs to Mexican American children and other underserved youth, sociopolitical genesis of CMHCs, status of special populations in the Texas Commission on Alcoholism State Plan, overview of patients' rights in mental health services, service needs of Mexican American elderly, use of Mexican American paraprofessionals in CMHC staffing,…

Ornstein, Michael D. (1989). AIDS in Canada: Knowledge, Behaviour, and Attitudes of Adults. A questionnaire dealing with knowledge about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and how it is communicated, with behavior involving risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and with public policy for dealing with AIDS was completed by 1,259 Canadian adults. Canadians had a generally high level of knowledge about the transmission of HIV infection, about the distinction between HIV infection and AIDS, and about the efficacy of different methods to prevent the transmission of HIV. Most information about HIV infection and AIDS came through the mass media. Canadians were strongly accepting of the wide involvement of a broad range of health, governmental, and voluntary organizations in promoting AIDS education. Concern about AIDS had led to significant changes in the sexual practices of respondents which in turn have reduced the likelihood of HIV transmission. Respondents were strongly supportive of the rights of HIV-infected persons to freedom from discrimination,… [PDF]

Fauver, Bill; Ruderman, Jim (1991). Stride Toward Freedom: The Aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. A Unit of Study for Grades 9-12. This unit focuses on the school integration case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (Kansas), and its immediate aftermath. The Supreme Court's 1954 decision was a catalyst for civil rights activism along a broad front over the ensuing decades. The decision and its implementation have stood as a model for similar social and political action among white middle class women, Latinos, and Native Americans. The unit presents the desegregation case as a dramatic moment in history from which to explore the deeper meanings of a selected landmark event and its wider context in the historical narrative. By studying a crucial turning point in history, the student becomes aware that choices had to be made by real human beings, that those decisions were the result of specific factors, and that they set in motion a series of historical consequences. The unit contains teacher background materials and lesson plans with student resources. The teacher background section provides an overview of…

Butterfield, Barbara S.; Wolfe, Susan (1994). You Can Get There from Here: The Road to Downsizing in Higher Education. This book approaches college and university budget reduction mandates as an opportunity to reexamine and recast outdated, inefficient processes and to increase administrative effectiveness and efficiency in supporting the academic missions of teaching and research. The book uses a road-map metaphor to tell the downsizing story and to advance the notion that downsizing can be approached like a journey. The chapters are titled: (1) \Planning the Plan: Drawing the Map\; (2) \The Budget: Reading the Roadmap\; (3) \Effective Communication: A Two-Way Street\; (4) \Contracting Out: Deciding Whether to Lease or Own\; (5) \Managing Benefits Costs: Maneuvering a Tight Turn\; (6) \Managing Risk: Assessing Insurance Options\; (7) \Reduction Alternatives: A Multiforked Road\; (8) \Programs and Policies: Yielding Right of Way to Laid-off Staff\; (9) \Early Retirement: Respecting Where You've Come From\; (10) \Retaining the Institution's Multicultural Character: Many Routes to the Right Place\;…

WESTIN, ALAN F.; And Others (1966). CONFERENCE ON THE CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG WORKER (HARRIMAN, MARCH 11-13, 1966). FOR THE FIRST TIME, REPRESENTATIVES FROM CORPORATIONS, UNIONS, AND EDUCATION MET TO DISCUSS CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION FOR THE YOUNG WORKER, AT AN ARDEN HOUSE CONFERENCE, WHICH WAS SPONSORED BY THE CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN AMERICAN LIBERTIES AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. AFTER A DISCUSSION OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING SOCIETY, EDUCATION PROVIDED BY THE SCHOOL SYSTEM, BY CORPORATIONS, AND UNIONS WAS OUTLINED. A MODEL OF A NEW TEACHING METHOD (CASE STUDY) WAS PRESENTED. BUSINESS MEN ARE ATTENTIVE TO PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY AFFAIRS AND CORPORATE PHILANTHROPY BUT PROBLEMS IN CORPORATE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS REVOLVE AROUND SELF-INTEREST VS CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITY, LIBERTY AMONG EMPLOYEES, AND THE PRESSURES OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION. IN LABOR UNIONS, THERE IS PRESSURE FOR CONFORMITY, ALSO, AND A WIDE GAP BETWEEN VIEWS OF TOP UNION SPOKESMEN AND THOSE OF LOCAL LEADERS. LABOR EDUCATION, WHICH HAS BEEN IN ESSENCE LEADERSHIP TRAINING TO BUILD UP ORGANIZATIONAL… [PDF]

Pifer, Alan (1974). Foundations and Public Policy Formation. The question of whether foundations should engage in activities having a bearing on public policy development is discussed. Tax exempt private foundations have had a long, controversial history of participation in public policy formation. They contribute to policy development by means of various techniques that include support of established institutions to conduct policy-oriented research, investigation or analysis of issues with policy implications, conferences, partnerships with government on policy related issues, special research commissions, monitoring of governmental programs to assess their impact and effectiveness, and projects to inform citizens of their right to register and vote. Under the 1969 Tax Reform Act, foundations do have the legal right to participate in public policy formation. At issue, however, is whether foundations tend to bring a set of values into play in their program determination and in making or withholding grants. However, no foundation, can be… [PDF]

(2002). Youth Action Council on Sustainable Innovation (YACSI) Report: Making Innovation Sustainable Among Youth in Canada. A study surveyed 241 high-achieving youth aged 15-25 regarding how innovation can be made sustainable among youth in Canada. Results were insightful and pointed to actionable steps for the Youth Action Council for Sustainable Innovation and the federal government. Findings indicated the following: youth can be more innovative if they have the right environment and the right tools; innovation has a broad range of meanings, and youth think about innovation in broad terms; young innovators/entrepreneurs believe that access to capital remains a barrier to innovation; youth believe there is a lack of information/databases on the subject of innovation; youth want more opportunities for mentorship and cooperative entrepreneurship programs in Canada; Canada's most innovative youth are highly mobile; the educational system suppresses innovation in youth; youth point to the need for multidisciplinary approaches to problem solving, innovation, and community building; a broad array of factors… [PDF]

Bishop, J. Joe (1999). Czech Democracy and Civic Education. This paper describes and analyzes definitions of democracy and civic education of teachers and students in each of three types of secondary schools in an emerging democracy: the Czech Republic. The paper's theoretical framework is rooted in anthropological and sociological notions of the social context of culture that attend to the fact that all human acts, like this statement and the research that informed it, display four features common to all acts of cultural production. Analysis focuses on the "subject-object relations" that are displayed in the class of objects acknowledged and singled out for attention as well as in the manner in which the object (democracy, citizenship, and civic education) is defined. Data reported were collected during 2 months of field work in the Czech Republic during 1997. Approximately 350 students were asked to write answers to the following questions: (1) How would you define democracy? (2) How would you define citizenship? and (3) How… [PDF]

(1997). Employment, Training, and Literacy Enhancement Act of 1997. Report of the Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives, on H.R. 1385 Together with Additional and Dissenting Views [Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office], 105th Congress, 1st Session. This document contains the text of the Employment, Training, and Literacy Enhancement Act of 1997, as amended by committee, including the titles that cover the following: general provisions; employment and training programs for disadvantaged youth; federally administered programs; adult education programs; miscellaneous provisions; the State Human Resource Investment Council; the Wagner-Peyser Act; technical and conforming amendments; effective date and transition provisions; general provisions; vocational rehabilitation programs; research and training; training and demonstration projects; National Council on Disability; rights and advocacy; employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities; independent living services and centers for independent living; special demonstrations and training projects; the Helen Keller National Center Act; and effective date. The document includes section-by-section analysis of the amendments, additional and minority views, and cost estimates… [PDF]

(1990). Student Access: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This paper addresses educational implications of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 which prohibits programs receiving federal financial assistance from denying services to or discriminating against individuals with disabilities. Individual sections cover: legal definitions (e.g., "individual with handicaps" and "discrimination"); procedural requirements of Section 504; school district obligations for elementary and secondary education; special issues regarding students addicted to drugs or alcohol; special considerations for students having AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) or HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection; program accessibility; employment practices; and major differences between the Education of the Handicapped Act (EHA) and Section 504. Appendices include a sample letter to parents; various Office of Civil Rights Senior Staff Memoranda on legal questions; and a report on an Oregon due process hearing for an alcoholic… [PDF]

(1987). Vie sociale I: Introduction aux droits et aux responsabilites des citoyens americains (Social Studies I: Introduction to the Rights and Responsibilities of American Citizens). The textbook for a social studies course on citizenship rights and responsibilities in the United States, presented entirely in French, consists of eight chapters. Each contains a preview of vocabularly and key ideas; a brief introductory text on the chapter topic; and a series of more specific texts, with illustrations, a list of questions for further research, comprehension and skill exercises, and a chapter summary. Chapter topics include: the reasons for citizenship education; the living planet; the social nature of human beings; the ways in which culture influences people; the ways in which people influence their culture; exploration of other cultures; the confluence of many cultures in the United States; and life in a pluralistic society. A glossary and maps of the United States and the world are appended. (MSE)…

Arvidson, Lars; Rubenson, Kjell (1991). Education and Training of the Labour Force in the EFTA Countries. Report Prepared to the Seminar "New Challenges in the Education and Training of the European Workforce" (Stockholm, Sweden, June 13-14, 1990). This report reviews adult education policies within the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). It asserts that human resources and their impact on the economy depend on the kind of education and training the labor force receives. The main features of governance and finance, participation patterns, and present concerns are discussed. An appendix comprising the bulk of the document includes information on the following countries: (1) Austria; (2) Finland; (3) Iceland; (4) Norway; (5) Sweden; and (6) Switzerland. A summary of all EFTA countries and each separate country report contain the following sections: (1) laws, rules, and conventions; (2) training leave and the right to train; (3) who is trained; (4) the cost of vocational training; (5) financing of vocational training; (6) types of vocational training; and (7) training of the unemployed. (NLA)…

(1983). Screening Educational Equity: A Filmography. Films, filmstrips, and videotape cassettes portraying a variety of multicultural experiences are listed in this catalog. All are educationally appropriate for use in the classroom and/or for staff development. Each entry in the alphabetical listing contains the length of the item, the date it was made, the target audience, and a brief description of the contents, as well as information on purchase and rental. Following the alphabetical listing, a subject index lists titles under the following: career education, civil rights movement, employment and affirmative action, gifted and talented, hate and violence, math and science, multicultural education/human relations, racism/prejudice, role models, and staff development. Instructions on how to borrow a film, filmstrip, or cassette from the Mid-Atlantic Center for Race Equity are provided at the back of the catalog. (CMG)… [PDF]

Dahlberg, E. John, Jr., Ed.; And Others (1980). Proceedings of a Symposium: Education and Contemporary America (Boise, Idaho, October 9-11, 1980). Papers presented at this symposium were on the following topics: (1) the role of education in clarifying the relation of the individual to the state and the basic meaning of citizenship; (2) the mythologies of college teaching; (3) the movement of education from elitism to educational populism; (4) how empathy, morality, and altruism affect college teaching; (5) the crisis in higher education; (6) the Marxist view of human nature and its implications for education; (7) developing educational quality in a university; (8) the nature of man, his social responsibility, and relation to God; (9) employing the role of the public school superintendency in the prediction of educational trends; (10) education and economics in the 1980's; (11) education for the elderly; (12) children's rights, values, and moral development; and (13) humanism in the classroom. (JD)…

(1977). Guided Enrichment of Institutionalized Deliquents through Interest-Based Library Materials. George Junior Republic, Grove City, Pennsylvania. The project described was undertaken at a private residential juvenile treatment center for boys 10 to 18 years old to present programs that would motivate reading and stimulate interest in human interrelationships. Staff sensitivity sessions, selection of current interest paperback books and magazines, and construction of storage units within each of the eight cottages were followed by activities that included group discussions on topics of interest led by library staff in individual cottages, presentation of a discussion on legal rights for all residents, a daytime lecture series during the summer months, and the setting up of a central room for the display and use of current interest library materials. Program evaluation indicated that reading scores improved for participants in the program and that staff members heartily accepted the program, as did the institution's residents. (MBR)… [PDF]

Sizemore, Barbara A. (1973). Will the Woman Administrator Make a Difference?. Although many studies have shown women administrators to be as able in positions of leadership as men, women are found less and less in public school administration. Many reasons are given to account for this situation — largely myths grounded in a value system operationalized through the economic institutions. Albeit, larger numbers of women than ever are present in the work force both because of the continuous influx of married women and a rise in the number of female heads of households. Women should be more aggressive in pursuing their rights to fill administrative positions for which their education and experience fit them. They should bring to those jobs the sensitivity necessary for effective human and personal relations and should design and implement governance models that give every role incumbent some input into decisionmaking. (Author/WM)… [PDF]

Lefort, R., Ed. (1992). After Jomtien: Is Education for All on the Right Track?. UNESCO Sources, n41 Oct. This issue contains a variety of articles related to international events and concerns. The focus article is entitled "Is Education For All on the Right Track?" and examines what has – and has not – happened since the 1990 World Conference on Education for All in Jomtien, Thailand. The assessment compares the goals of the conference with new approaches to their achievement with the efforts and accomplishments of individuals, countries, and the international community, especially in expanding access and opportunities for girls and women. Other articles related to the "Planet" section include: (1) "Environment: A User-Friendly Forest"; (2) "Communication: Africa's Communicators"; (3) "Education: The Language of Learning"; and (4) "Social and Human Science: Youth in Action." (EH)… [PDF]

Kagan, Alfred, Ed. (1999). The Growing Gap between the Information Rich and the Information Poor, Both within Countries and between Countries–A Composite Policy Paper. The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) Social Responsibilities Discussion Group was officially established in December 1997 to address the role of libraries in society. The group is initially concentrating on the following themes: equality of access to library collections and facilities; the growing gap between library rich and poor both within and between countries; and the "right to know." This policy paper was developed from six discussion papers prepared for the 1998 IFLA meeting. The themes of the discussion papers were: (1) rural library development; (2) literacy in libraries; (3) fees for library services; (4) human resource development; (5) the electronic information gap; and (6) north-south library cooperation. Comments on the profession, library associations, and IFLA structure are also included. (Contains 45 references.) (MES)… [PDF]

Kilpinen, Erkki (2005). A Positive Reply to Constructive Criticism. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education, v4 n1 p1-10 Mar. In this essay, Kilpinen responds to Terry Gates, Scott Goble, and Pentti Maattanen, who have provided reviews of his dissertation book \The Enormous Fly-Wheel of Society.\ As the reviewers noted, the book attempts to make two points simultaneously, and it may be that this made its argument hard to follow. The first point, that thorough knowledge about pragmatist philosophy is a \conditio sine qua non\ for the right appreciation of what is the enduring part of early American sociology, led to Kilpenen's sociological interpretation of the \pragmatist theory of action.\ Furthermore–and this is the second thesis of the book–the pragmatist interpretation of human action is not just one option among many for scholars to choose from, but, in Kilpenen's opinion, is the most viable at the moment. (Contains 2 footnotes.)… [PDF]

Erin Green (2024). All Labor Has Dignity: An Inquiry into the Memphis Sanitation Strike. Social Studies and the Young Learner, v36 n3 p17-24. The complexities of the civil rights movement are rarely presented in elementary social studies. Year after year, students repeat the same decontextualized "I Have a Dream" crafts and assignments, tasks that do little to help students understand the country's history of racism or the racial dynamics of today. Instead of perpetuating the myth that a select handful of heroic figures made change on their own, educators should situate these figures within collective struggles for justice and interrogate what these figures stood for and stood against. In this article, the author contends that teachers can challenge the oversimplified narrative of Martin Luther King Jr. typically taught in elementary schools through an inquiry into the Memphis Sanitation Strike. Designed for students in grades 3-5, this inquiry includes children's literature and a four-part primary source investigation following the C3 inquiry arc…. [Direct]

Kilic, Abdurrahman (2006). Vocational and Technical Education Reform in Turkey. International Journal of Educational Reform, v15 n4 p465-492 Fall. Turkey is a country where individual rights and freedom of people are improving. It is known that a free market economy is in its infancy. There is a strong relationship between developed human resources and the production sector. In this sense, vocational and technical education is very important. It cannot be said that the efforts for development of vocational-technical education in Turkey meet the expectations. This article aims to present the historical process of vocational and technical education in Turkey to show the existing situation and problems and to suggest solutions by presenting the reform activities and the implemented projects. For this purpose, the historical process of vocational and technical education has been examined, and in view of the existing numerical data, the problems have been discussed. In this context, one of the issues discussed in this article is to what extent the Strengthening the Vocational Education and Training System in Turkey (SVET) and… [Direct]

(1986). Native American Children, Youth, and Families. Part 1. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session (Seattle, WA, January 7, 1986). The House Select Committee met to receive testimony from representatives of Northwest tribes about conditions affecting Native American children and their families. Eloise King of Colville Confederated Tribes (Washington) summarizes a wide range of human needs and recommends that Congress make funding available directly to tribes. John Navarro and Donna Olson discuss employment needs and opportunities including the Tribal Employment Rights Officers (TERO) ordinance. Lynne Walks-on-Top views economic and social problems facing the Spokane Tribe. Jeannette Whitfield of the Coeur D'Alene Tribe discusses the impact of the Indian Child Welfare Act. Marie and Diane Starr describe the Muckleshoot Youth Home (Washington) and other human service programs. Cheryl Henderson Peters and Lucy Shaffer-Peterson describe the Skokomish Sexual Abuse Prevention and Treatment Program. Marilyn Bentz of the American Indian Study Center focuses on urban Indians and the federal-Indian relationship. William… [PDF]

Ingersoll, Berit (1983). Approaches to Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Social Support Research. Social scientists tend to adopt either a qualitative or a quantitative perspective in research on social support. As single methods, each perspective has unique distinctions, limitations, and trade-offs. These approaches are based on differing epistemological assumptions. Qualitative research attempts to understand human behavior from the perspective of the respondent. Quantitative research attempts to understand human behavior from a generalized cause and effect perspective. The former method tends to sacrifice breadth for depth, while the latter sacrifices individuality for an explanation of the larger social phenomena. A research continuum which moves from qualitative/quantitative to quantitative/qualitative would balance the two methods. At the far left of the continuum (qualitative/quantitative), the research mode would be called exploring the parameters. The far right of the continuum (quantitative/qualitative) would be called suggesting interpretations. The third research…

(1995). Workforce Issues Facing HRD. These four papers are from a symposium facilitated by Eugene Andette on work force issues facing human resources development (HRD) at the 1995 Academy of Human Resource Development conference. \Meaning Construction and Personal Transformation: Alternative Dimensions of Job Loss\ (Terri A. Deems) reports a study conducted to explore the ways persons reconstruct their job loss experiences over time and how this construction manifests itself in terms of self-knowledge and change. \Earning a Living or Building a Life? Reinterpreting the Meaning of Work in the Practice of Workplace Education\ (John M. Dirkx) explores the meaning of work as \right livelihood\ and the implications of the idea that people live to work holds for workplace education. \An Examination of HRD Practitioners' Reasoning Regarding Ethical Dilemmas\ (Kimberly S. McDonald) used focus group discussions to determine how HRD practitioners resolve ethical dilemmas; results indicated that the major factors influencing…

Groff, Gerald (1997). English-Only and ESL Literacy in the Workplace: A Review of the Literature. A study investigated "English-only" policies as they relate to workplace literacy and language use. Literature in four areas is examined and integrated: (1) court cases resulting from English-only policies of several companies; (2) requirements of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidelines for its interpretation; (3) workplace English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) literacy programs; and (4) human resource development literature that reports and interprets development relating to English-only for human resource professionals. It is concluded that a primary justification offered by companies for their English-only policies is the belief that American monolingual speakers of English experience negative feelings when they hear a foreign language, a testable hypothesis worthy of further research. If this claim could be substantiated, it would have important implications for future workplace ESL literacy programs, which… [PDF]