Carmody, James (1970). Ethical Issues in Health Services: A Report and Annotated Bibliography. This publication identifies, discusses, and lists areas for further research for five ethical issues related to health services: 1) the right to health care; 2) death and euthanasia; 3) human experimentation; 4) genetic engineering; and, 5) abortion. Following a discussion of each issue is a selected annotated bibliography covering the years 1967 through 1969, with some articles from 1970. The periodicals surveyed for this study include the medical journals indexed in the \Index Medicus\ as well as the most important theological and philosophical journals, prominent journals of opinion, and general interest magazines. Some books and government reports are also cited. The report is a response to the heightened professional and public interest in ethical issues which has resulted in a large body of literature. Articles were selected on the bases of fair representation of viewpoints and quality, that is, articles judged as clarifying and advancing the ethical discussions. (Author/DJB)… [PDF]

Lewicki, James (1998). Cooperative Ecology & Place: Development of a Pedagogy of Place Curriculum. The major tenets of a pedagogy of place are that nature teaches; understanding place is indispensable to community; where and how a student learns is as vital as what a student learns; and respect is integral to learning. Environmental literacy is the capacity to perceive and interpret the relative health of environmental systems and to take appropriate action to maintain, restore, or improve the health of those systems. This kind of environmentally literate "grounding" begins close to home, where the home, community, and school can encourage and provide connections between the student and the land. Only a pedagogy of place can elicit this place value among future generations. A pedagogy of place enables us to see how ecological principles such as climate, symbiosis, succession, niche, and community apply to humans and school. A pedagogy of place is committed to civic responsibility in that students learn to balance the rights of individuals and the ecological rights of… [PDF]

Mangan, J. Marshall (1992). The Ideology of Computer Literacy in Schools. This research project brings a critical perspective to the examination of computer literacy as an ideological form through a study of the reactions of high school teachers and students. On-site interviews with teachers and students found both acceptance of and resistance to the message of adjustment to an inevitable future of vocational and marketplace automation. It is concluded that, while the trend toward technologizing the schools cannot and should not be halted, teachers themselves should become more critical of the purposes of computerized education and begin to insist on a more serious role in defining and directing the appropriate use of information technology in their classrooms. Possible new directions for educational policy are suggested, including: ameliorating the myth of inevitability of automation; realistically portraying future job markets that will demand a minority of jobs requiring intensive computer knowledge and the bulk of jobs requiring a minimal ability to… [PDF]

Fite, Katherine V. (1994). Television and the Brain: A Review. In recent years, a number of claims have appeared in the popular media and press suggesting that television viewing has potentially detrimental effects on human brain development or activity. An extensive review of the published scientific literature finds that virtually no credible experimental evidence appears to exist in the current literature which specifically relates to the effects of television viewing on human brain development. A review of the scientific literature based upon the measurement of small electrical signals from the surface of the scalp as an indicator of cortical brain activity during television viewing revealed two major experimental findings. First, brain wave patterns occurring during TV viewing are quite similar to those that occur during other waking-state activities, suggesting that television viewing should not be characterized as producing a passive or inattentive activity in the brain. Second, television viewing does not appear to be primarily a… [PDF]

Culbert, John, Comp.; And Others (1968). Social Studies Concepts and Generalizations: a Framework for Curriculum Development. The goal of this booklet is to identify and present essential concepts and generalizations within the structure of knowledge of the social studies. The basic rationale rests upon the following assumptions: 1) the development of concepts and generalizations should be given primary emphasis over retention of facts in teaching the social sciences; 2) total coverage within a subject is often neither necessary nor desirable; 3) the inquiry or discovery approach can be used to advantage; and, 4) the content of social science courses should be based on interdisciplinary and cross cultural approaches. Classroom experiences should draw on a variety of stimuli thus the multimedia approach seems appropriate. The basic strategy for using this conceptual framework begins with planning for instruction. Once knowledge is classified, teachers are free to set specific cognitive objectives, and to choose content and teaching methods to implement the objectives. This booklet will be considered… [PDF]

Walters, Norma J. (1986). Infanticide: A Critical Issue. Infanticide in the United States today usually happens in the hospital. Occasionally, handicapped infants are killed by a direct act, but more often infanticide is accomplished by withholding something (for example, food, medication, surgery) that babies need to survive. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Baby Doe regulations of May 1982, and the Child Abuse Amendment of 1984 are among the legislative measures that have attempted to protect handicapped infants' rights to medical treatment and general health care (including good nutrition). The decision whether to provide or withhold such services from handicapped infants has not been so clear-cut for health care practitioners and medical ethicists. Quality of life and the burdens on families and society posed by the responsibilities of raising and caring for handicapped individuals are issues that make suicide and mercy killing acceptable to many persons. Others believe that impaired infants are not human persons and hence not…

Bjork, Robert A., Ed.; Druckman, Daniel, Ed. (1994). Learning, Remembering, Believing. Enhancing Human Performance. This book is the third report of the Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance. Based on hundreds of research studies of learning and human performance as reported in the literature, the book consists of 11 chapters organized in five parts. The two chapters of the first part provide the background and summary of the committee's study. The first chapter describes the topics undertaken in this third phase of the study and the relationships between these topics and earlier work done by the committee. Chapter 2 summarizes key findings and conclusions for each chapter. The second part of the book considers a number of issues related to individual training. Chapter 3 focuses on the extent to which training should be provided in a situation similar to which performance occurs; chapter 4 addresses the illusions of comprehension that occur when people do not understand the reasons for the \right\ answers to problems. The three chapters of part 3 consider learning and…

Abdella, Rahmet; Hoot, James; Tadesse, Selamawit (2006). Seldom Heard Voices–Child Prostitutes in Ethiopia. International Journal of Early Childhood, v38 n2 p81-85. OMEP has a long history of advocating for the maximal development of the world's children. A plethora of recent natural disasters such as the Tsunami in Asia, hurricanes in the United States, and an earthquake in Pakistan have been major threats to the wellbeing of millions of children. Seemingly endless media reports of homeless, injured, and dying children have put human faces on the magnitude of these disasters and the challenges they pose to child advocates. While media attention has assisted in gathering support for these children in desperate need of help, the media has neglected to report on countless millions more children in equal, or even graver, desperation–child prostitutes. The purpose of this study was to alert researchers to issues associated with child prostitution, a rapidly growing, yet, too seldom publicized, threat to countless millions of children. Instead of a faceless "statistical" approach to this problem, the authors of this article have chosen to… [Direct]

Greenfield, Suzanne; Temkin, Deborah (2017). Youth Bullying Prevention in the District of Columbia: School Year 2015-16 Report. Publication #2017-04. Child Trends The District of Columbia's Youth Bullying Prevention Act of 2012 (YBPA; DC Law L19-167) requires the mayor to review the programs, activities, services, and policies established as a result of the Act; report the current status of bullying in the District of Columbia; and provide recommendations for the continued implementation of the Act. The Citywide Youth Bullying Prevention Program, created in June 2013, aims to reduce incidents of bullying across the District by emphasizing prevention and proper procedures for responding when incidents occur. The program works with youth-serving government agencies, District schools, and youth-serving government grantees to ensure that bullying prevention policies are adopted and implemented in accordance with best practices and research. The information in this report is meant to establish a baseline of what is known about the bullying situation in the District of Columbia from the data available. [For the 2013-14 report, "Bullying… [PDF]

Tumin, Melvin M., Ed. (1970). Research Annual on Intergroup Relations-1970. This is a compendium of research sources on the subject of intergroup relations. On the basis of responses to questionnaires sent to members of the Society for the Study of Social Problems and the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, as well as to university personnel, human relations organizations, and concerned government agencies and individuals in the United States and abroad, this current research annual reports considerable research activity in intergroup relations during 1967, 1968, and 1969. The criteria for inclusion of reports have remained the same as for earlier editions–the studies must deal with the relationships between ethnic, racial, religious, or national groups. In this edition the decision has been made to focus primarily, though not exclusively, on unpublished studies, knowledge about which might not otherwise have been available to the reader. Specifically, sections on patterns of discrimination, segregation, and desegregation; civil rights;…

(2004). Leadership Magazine. Volume 33, Number 4. Leadership, v33 n4 Mar-Apr. Every month, \Leadership\ features articles written in an informal, conversational style that provide practical information for school administrators. This issue of \Leadership\ contains the following titles: (1) \The Artistry of Communication: No Vision Is out of Reach when a School Leader Commits to Understanding the Power of Skillful, Poetic Communication\ (Phyllis A. Hensley & VaVern Burmeister); (2) \The Bards on Standards: Three Noteworthy Poets Provide a Historical Perspective from Three Different Centuries on the Evolution of Leadership\ (George Manthey); (3) \The Transformational Power of Poetry: School Leaders, like Poets, Are Required to Rise above the Fray of the Everyday to Inspire and Encourage the Human Heart\ (Lystra M. Richardson); (4) \Why School Leaders Need Poets: You Can Find a Context for Your Daily Work by Reflecting on a Truly Meaningful Personal Vision\ (Walt Buster); (5) \You Can't Lead a School without It\ (George Manthey); (6) \A Place for Poems\ (Don…

(1995). UNICEF Annual Report, 1995. This annual report for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) details the programs and services provided by this organization in 1994. Following an overview of the year and a remembrance of former UNICEF Executive Director James P. Grant, the report describes developments in seven world regions and in specific emergency countries. The report next describes the current status of efforts to improve children's rights. It then describes specific projects in the areas of: (1) child health; (2) nutrition; (3) water and environmental sanitation; (4) sustainable human development; (5) basic education; and (6) women and girls. Communication projects and publications intended for advocacy are also described. Additional sections list national committees, non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations working with UNICEF; resources; and maps, tables, and charts of UNICEF staff and finances. Throughout the report are individual profiles of various aspects of UNICEF work, such as… [PDF]

Babarinde, Kola (2008). Philosophical Foundations of Reform in Higher Education. African Higher Education Review, v1 Jun. Kola Babarinde's article opens with a quotation on the theory of change credited to one of the master of classical tradition in the history of the idea. Heraclitus of Ephesus flourished about 500 B.C. Although, little is known about him, he became famous for his metaphysical doctrine that everything is in a state of flux, his comparing all things to a river, meant that they all changed all the time. If this is applied to natural objects, Babarinde asserts, it means that even apparently stable things are changing, although total balance is always maintained. Babarinde goes on to explain that Heraclitus' theory found support in Engels who admitted that Heraclitus was right; everything in the universe is steadily changing, nothing is fixed and determinate. With a slight reservation in view of the possibility that there may be an end to human life on earth, he also maintains that the evolution of mankind proceeds without ever reaching a final stage; each stage is only a transition to the… [Direct]

(1994). UNICEF Annual Report, 1994. This annual report for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) describes the programs and services provided by this organization in 1993. Following an introduction by UNICEF's executive director, the report reviews regional developments in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe, and "emergency countries"–those experiencing war or natural disasters. Specific programs in the following areas are then described: (1) the Convention on the Rights of the Child; (2) child health; (3) nutrition; (4) safe motherhood and family planning; (5) children in especially difficult circumstances; (6) sustainable development and the environment; (7) water and environmental sanitation; (8) urban basic services; (9) education; (10) women in development; (11) management of supplies; and (12) program evaluation. Concluding sections discuss UNICEF's tools for advocacy…

Stephenson, John B. (2010). Environmental Health: Opportunities for Greater Focus, Direction, and Top-Level Commitment to Children's Health at EPA. Testimony Before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. GAO-10-545T. US Government Accountability Office This testimony discusses highlights of GAO's report about the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) efforts to institutionalize the protection of children's health. EPA's mission is to protect human health and the environment. As a result of mounting evidence about the special vulnerabilities of the developing fetus and child, the federal government and EPA took several bold steps to make children's environmental health a priority in the late 1990s. In 1996, EPA issued the National Agenda to Protect Children's Health from Environmental Threats (National Agenda) and expanded the agency's activities to specifically address risks for children, documenting EPA's plans to achieve seven goals, such as (1) ensuring that all standards set by EPA are protective of any heightened risks faced by children; (2) developing new, comprehensive policies to address cumulative and simultaneous exposures faced by children; and (3) expanding community right-to-know to allow families to make informed… [PDF]

Simpson, Kawanna J.; And Others (1986). Economic Development Planning for Single Parents. Curriculum Materials for Vocational Teachers of Adolescents and Single Parents. Special Emphasis on Meeting the Needs of the Teen Parent. This guide is intended for use in school-based intervention programs intended to help single parents (particularly teenagers who are expecting or already have a child) master basic money management and consumer skills. The guide is divided into sections dealing with the following topics: interpersonal relationships, value clarification, self-esteem, assertiveness, stress management, networking, human sexuality, teenage pregnancy, teenage parenting, child development and guidance, consumer rights and responsibilities, consumer decision making, banking and investment, taxation, health and life insurance, housing, transportation, success in balancing home life and a career, career planning, career-related education beyond high school, and equal employment opportunities. Information within each section is presented in relation to an overall objective, and concepts corresponding to the overall objective are included. Behavioral objectives are listed after each concept. Detailed teaching…

Neal, Richard G. (1981). Negotiations Strategies: A Reference Manual for Public Sector Labor Negotiations. This guide contains practical, field-tested advice concerning the development of a suitable negotiating strategy for management's use in public sector collective bargaining. The author stresses that strategies are long-term plans of action and that this book does not consider bargaining tactics–the individual methods used to achieve the strategic objectives. The book consists of 20 "how to" sections covering the following topics: detecting and using trends in labor relations; developing a master strategy plan; dealing with different bargaining styles; managing human relations; overcoming major obstacles; avoiding common serious errors; managing the scope of negotiations; retaining management rights; evaluating demands; beginning the flow of agreements; compromising; making bargaining work; making benefits work for the employer; breaking temporary deadlocks; countering union tactics; dealing with charges of unfair labor practices; closing negotiations; using power;… [PDF]

(1999). Distance Education Handbook, 1999. This handbook is designed to serve as a guide for community colleges as they plan distance learning programs. Produced by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges, it provides member institutions with guidelines and policies that will be considered in the evaluation of distance education. Eleven current accreditation concerns are identified: (1) institutional motivation; (2) partnerships; (3) mission, educational programs, and the curriculum; (4) faculty; (5) students; (6) library and learning resources; (7) institutional effectiveness and student outcomes; (8) organization, planing, and human resources; (9) facilities and equipment; (10) catalogs and publications; and (11) intellectual property rights. The handbook includes six major sections: substantive change policy; substantive change reports; policy statement on accreditation and authorization of distance learning through telecommunications; principles of good practice for electronically delivered degree… [PDF]

(1991). Outcome Based Performance Measures for Illinois Citizens with Disabilities. This manual presents suggested measures which are designed to examine the outcomes of support and service provision on the lives of people with disabilities in Illinois. Included are 30 measures for people and 16 measures for organizations. The measures were developed after initial input from people with disabilities participating in a Community Integrated Living Arrangements program and are intended to be used in the evaluation process by review teams during on-site visits. The measures and the accompanying questions are designed to obtain information from either the individual involved and/or those who know the person best. Outcome measures for people address the following areas: personal goals, choice, social inclusion, relationships, rights, dignity and respect, health, environment, security, and satisfaction. The measures for organizations cover the areas of health and safety, fiscal management, human resource management, planning, and evaluation. For each measure the… [PDF]

(1984). Reauthorization of the Head Start Act, 1984. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Family and Human Services of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session on Extension of Programs under the Head Start Act, and for Other Purposes. This document includes written and oral testimony from Senators; representatives of the Department of Health and Human Services; private citizens; and employees and representatives of national and local Head Start organizations, civil rights organizations, and parent groups. In general, discussion centers on the merits and disadvantages of specific Head Start reauthorization bills. These bills differ in terms of the programs mandated and the amount of funding proposed. Among the issues discussed at length are the amount of funding for training and technical assistance and the continuance of the Child Development Associate (CDA) certification program. Other issues include current requirements to give existing Head Start programs preference in granting contracts for expanded programs and proposals to limit children to 1 year of participation, to administer child care food funds through Head Start rather than through the Department of Agriculture, to strengthen Head Start performance… [PDF]

Lantz, Jean (1979). Citizen Me: An Experiential Curriculum for Citizenship Education. Level: Six. The Citizen Me Level Six guide incorporates the project's goal of providing a curriculum which integrates concepts of basic citizenship education with community involvement through gaining an understanding of rights, liberties, and obligations of citizens, developing an awareness of outcomes identified in crime and drug education, understanding the free enterprise system, and applying values that lead to skill in human relationships and effective citizenship. The guide uses discussions, rank ordering, games (Crime and Punishment Rummy), work and situation sheets, role playing, and various exercises to approach the concepts of sharing feelings, the need for rules, decisions and their effect, people in authority, code of behavior, criminal behavior, friendship and rational decision making, and ideas and consequences. The Story of Willie is used to illustrate various concepts. Using experiential methodology, the guide provides a means of implementing the present social studies…

Powell, James H.; And Others (1965). Interim Report of the Institute for Supervisors of Student Teachers on Problems Occasioned by Desegregation on Public Schools, July 6 Through August 12, 1965. Forty-four prospective supervising teachers from public schools in Kentucky, cooperating in the student teaching programs of colleges and universities, participated in this Institute funded under Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The objectives were to provide participants with a basic experience in human relations in an inter-racial setting; this would expand their knowledge and understanding, needed to work effectively in a desegregated school setting. Further, special problems confronting supervising teachers as they guide student teachers, who are presently in or will subsequently join integrated faculties of desegregated schools, were identified and analyzed. In an attempt to create a candid, open, and honest atmosphere for interpersonal interactions, heavy emphasis was placed on relatively unstructured group discussions. Public school personnel with experience in desegregated schools discussed the problems they had faced and the solutions that had emerged. Among the many… [PDF]

Carkhuff, Robert R. (1969). Helping and Human Relations; A Primer for Lay and Professional Leaders. Volume I. Selection and Training. Focusing on the rights, responsibility, and role of one who intervenes therapeutically in another person's life, this volume builds on a practical and theoretical human relations base with a view toward guidelines for effective professional training and personnel selection. In an overview of the helping profession, the first chapter presents evidence that lay training programs have been more effective than professional programs as measured by indexes of constructive change in those helped. Part 2 provides a paradigm for the development of psychological health and psychopathology and analyzes variables (helper, helpee, contextual and environmental influences) that influence the success of treatment programs. The next two sections discuss the creation of selection and training procedures, with particular emphasis on the need for skills in discrimination (ability to choose the most suitable helping procedure) as well as in communication or empathy. Finally, a selection and training…

(1969). Ideario Educativo (Principles of Education). This document is an English-language abstract (approximately 1,500 words) which discusses an overall educational policy for Mexico based on Constitutional principles and those of humanism. The basic principles that should guide Mexican education as seen by the National Technical Council for Education are the following: (1) love of country; (2) Mexican nationality–open to all without discrimination; (3) enhancing Mexican culture; (4) study of Mexican problems; (5) development of resources; (6) free education; (7) democracy; (8) international solidarity; (9) better international relations; (10) fraternity and equal rights for all; (11) the common good; (12) protection of the family; (13) respect for human dignity; (14) progress of science; (15) full development of the personality; (16) no race, religion, group, sex, or individual privilege; (17) freedom of religion; (18) against ignorance and it consequences; (19) against servitude; (20) against fanaticism; (21) against prejudice;…

Gardner, Bob (2000). Ensuring High Quality Research Services. This paper discusses ensuring high quality research services that meet client needs, based on experiences at the Research and Information Services of the Ontario Legislative Library (Canada). The first section is an introduction that provides an overview of the Research and Information Services and summarizes factors related to quality control. The second section addresses getting priorities right, highlighting strategic planning and service evaluation. The third section considers meeting client needs, including formal quality checks, evolving best practices, building on strong skills, product development, and client feedback. The fourth section discusses working culture, including building on knowledge, human capital, and looking for innovation. It is concluded that ensuring high quality research services: takes place at both strategic and operational levels; is about informal collaborative processes and adaptability as much as editorial procedures and explicit standards; is more… [PDF]

Oosthuizen, Izak (1993). The Management of AIDS in South African Schools. According to the Third National Survey of South African women who attend prenatal clinics, 120,000 more persons are estimated to have become infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) since 1991. This paper compares the teacher-student relationship with that of the confidential doctor-patient relationship, and asks whether a teacher should reveal a student's HIV-infected status to school authorities. Because no case law exists with regard to the management of AIDS in South African schools, existing legislation and case law regarding the medical profession are analyzed. A conclusion is that both common law and case law uphold the notion that the society's interests outweigh the HIV-infected individual's right to privacy. Possible solutions for AIDS management in the schools include: (1) attack poverty; (2) teach students sexual restraint and prevention methods; (3) uphold educators' responsibility to inform in cases of health threats to others; and (4) consolidate legislation… [PDF]

Hayes, M. Jo; Perry, Patricia K. (1989). Cognitive Creativity: A Tool for Creative Teaching. Creativity is a natural skill, but one that can be lost in the pursuit of linear knowledge in the academic classroom. There are historical reasons why the development of natural creativity has been suppressed (the Enlightenment, for example, with its emphasis on scientific method and empirical proof). Right brain/left brain research and concomitant studies in biofeedback, relaxation, and visualization find that humans have untapped power awaiting them if they learn the techniques that will allow them access to the unconscious. \Cognitive Creactivity\ is a process developed specifically for the classroom, although it need not be used there exclusively. Instructors can use this process to help students take control of their thoughts through relaxation and visualization exercises, which are accompanied by affirming statements. Through use of this process instructors help students acquire skills in visualization that will enable them to do consciously what they already know how to do…

(1989). Putting Literacy To Work in Michigan. This packet of materials was created to help literacy professionals, social agencies, volunteers, and media representatives promote literacy efforts in Michigan, especially during Literacy Action Month (September). The materials can be used to support literacy in the community, in democracy, in the family, and in economic development. Items included in the packet are the following: a statement of the "right to learn"; 20 questions and answers about adult literacy; a list of ideas for promoting literacy in the community; literacy-related media slogans; a list of literacy promotion ideas, both those that are easily accomplished and those that are more complex; a checklist of community contacts; ways in which churches and other community groups can help the literacy movement; facts about human investment in Michigan; local sources for assistance; sample handouts for open houses, sample logos and art work; and public service announcements for radio stations. A brochure in… [PDF]

Brickhouse, Nancy W. (1989). Ethics in Field-Based Research: Contractual and Relational Responsibilities. The desire to abolish the gap between research theory and classroom practice has sparked an increasing interest in field-based research among science educators. Although most researchers are aware of the standard meanings of informed consent and confidentiality, and there are some codes of ethical principles published by such groups as the American Psychological Association, these codes provide little help with the problems that may arise in field work. Traditional approaches to ethics in research, focusing on the rights of subjects versus the benefits of the research, were written to serve traditional research methods and are inadequate for addressing the dilemmas of field-based research. This paper discusses the relationship between ethics and methodology, commonly used procedures and contractual obligations of social scientists. An approach to ethics that focuses on particular human relationships rather than general principles is suggested. Stressed is the notion that researchers… [PDF]

Hopkins, Pat (1979). Citizen Me: An Experiential Curriculum for Citizenship Education. Level: Eight. The Citizen Me Level Eight guide incorporates the project's goal of providing a curriculum which integrates concepts of basic citizenship education with community involvement through gaining an understanding of rights, liberties, and obligations of citizens, developing an awareness of outcomes identified in crime and drug education, understanding the free enterprise system, and applying values that lead to skill in human relationships and effective citizenship. The first 10 lessons use role playing and large group discussions to gain an understanding of the role of the police, what constitutes crimes (felonies and misdemeanors), the impact of a police record, and the citizen's role in crime prevention. The last five lessons use a hypothetical school setting to illustrate aspects of leadership and how to approach solving a problem at the hypothetical school through community action. Lessons 13 and 14 stress getting the facts together and writing government officials. Lesson 15…