Rita Z. Nazeer-Ikeda; Sarah R. Asada (2025). Educator Organising in Singapore: Protests, Progress, and the Singapore Teachers' Union. Globalisation, Societies and Education, v23 n1 p188-210. This paper investigates the case of Singapore where there are teachers' unions but industrial actions are rare. It questions why and how has educator organising, steered by Singapore Teachers' Union, transformed? Our findings show that historical, political, and socio-economic dynamics have influenced the transformation of STU. For more than seventy years, STU has been a champion, supporter, and advocate of teachers in Singapore through industrial, professional, and social unionism. We argue that the legacy of STU's struggles, throughout its contentious relationship with the colonial government and collaborative rapport with the local government, has laid the foundation that enables the development of teachers and the high quality of education that the country is currently known for globally. However, persisting residual issues surrounding teachers' wellbeing due to the high expectations of teachers and teaching call for a review of this state-labour relationship…. [Direct]

(1997). A Guide to High Quality Direct Service Personnel Training Resources. Second Edition. This guide evaluates more than 130 training curricula that were published or completed in or after 1987 and are targeted to training direct service staff or trainers of direct service staff working with people with developmental disabilities. The reviews are organized alphabetically by publisher. Topics and issues that were used to categorize the content of each training curricula include: (1) administration/management issues; (2) case management/service coordination; (3) challenging behavior; (4) community integration and participation; (5) early intervention; (6) educational issues; (7) employment/adult day services; (8) family supports; (9) health care, safety, and emergency issues; (10) human sexuality; (11) individual assessment; (12) intervention/treatment programming; (13) introduction to developmental disabilities; (14) legal issues, self-advocacy, and individual rights; (15) medical issues; (16) personal care special needs; (17) physical special needs; (18) public… [PDF]

(1976). A Compilation of Laws Pertaining to Indians. State of Maine, July 1976. Compiled from the Maine Revised Statutes of 1964, the Constitution of Maine, and the current Resolves and Private and Special Laws, this document constitutes an update to a previous publication (January 1974), correcting errors and adding amendments through 1976. This compilation of laws pertaining to American Indians includes statutes on the following: Constitution of Maine (guaranteed loans for Indian housing, qualifications of voters, and trust funds); Department of Indian Affairs; Education (reservation schools and school committees); Elections (apportionment of Indian voting districts; state, county, and Federal; tribal–Passamaquoddy and Penobscot; and voting rights); Fish and Game (Atlantic Salmon; free licenses; hunting and trapping; tribal ordinances re: hunting, fishing, and trapping); Forestry (duties of foresters and Indian township forest resources); Highway (reservation roads and bridges); Housing Authorities; Human Services (destitute–Passmaquoddy, Penobscot, and…

Bender, David L., Ed.; McCuen, Gary E., Ed. (1970). The Radical Left and the Far Right. Fringe Groups Speak on the Problem of Race. Opposing Viewpoints Series. Intended to fill a gap in social studies, this collection of readings focuses on contemporary fringe political parties and organizations, particularly their stands on race. No editorializing is attempted; rather, the editors impartially introduce each selection, provide questions on the readings, and offer student exercises aimed at stimulating critical thinking. Exercises deal with the following skills: 1) distinguishing between statements of fact, opinion, and bias; 2) evaluating sources of information; 3) recognizing the complexity of human problems and conflicts; and, 4) experimenting with empathy. An introductory chapter discusses the differences and similarities between the political categories of radical, liberal, conservative, and reactionary, with regard to openness to change and philosophy. The parties and organizations represented along with some individuals are: 1) Black Panther Party; 2) National States Rights Party; 3) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC);…

(1973). Statement by Elliot L. Richardson on his tenure as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Progress made in DHEW during 1970-72 has been directed toward a more responsible government in meeting a broad range of human problems through better internal coordination, planning, and management accountability. The reforms and legislation enacted are summarized here. Management effectiveness was achieved by formal policy making and accountability structures, by the establishment of an Executive Secretariat to encourage intradepartmental coordination and communication, and by programs directed toward educating and upgrading employees. National educational programs include: The Education Amendments of 1972, the establishment of the National Institute of Education, advancements in career education, in the Right to Read Program, in school assistance grants, aid to black institutions, and the Educational Opportunity Act. Social services have been restructured to provide for greater efficiency in administration of services and income payments. Social Security benefits have increased,… [PDF]

Thomas, Audrey (1991). Towards an Adult Literacy Policy for Ontario. A Discussion Paper. Although Ontario's Ministry of Education currently funds a variety of literacy programs, the province of Ontario (Canada) currently has no overall policy, evaluation process, or agreed-upon definition of adult literacy to guide further development in the field. When developing a comprehensive government policy regarding adult literacy in Ontario, policymakers must recognize that adult literacy exists in the broader context of adult basic education and adult education. Policymakers must address the following contextual issues: lifelong learning, equity of outcome, integrated services, and the financial implications of policy decisions. The policy developed must recognize that literacy is first and foremost a human service whose delivery must be tailored to give consideration to Ontario's multicultural character. Policy decisions regarding adult literacy must be developed with consideration for the following issues: access, language rights, diverse and flexible programs, support… [PDF]

(1995). Memorandum of Understanding among the Colorado Departments of Education, Public Health and Environment, Human Services, and Health Care Policy and Financing for the Implementation in Colorado of Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Part H. This memorandum of understanding among the Colorado Departments of Education, Public Health and Environment, Human Services, and Health Care Policy and Financing, describes how the agencies will work together in the implementation of Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The agreement covers: (1) a statement of common purpose; (2) common definitions of terms; (3) the values base for agreement, including family involvement, community collaboration, and the promotion of natural environments; (4) the authority for the agreement which lists the different laws and regulations that require cooperation among state departments; (5) the intended outcomes of the statewide early intervention service delivery system; (6) mutual objectives of the program at the state and local level; (7) each agency's commitment to outcomes and objectives; (8) the individual responsibilities of each department; (9) the procedural safeguards relating to parental and child rights; (10)… [PDF]

(1987). Developments in Aging: 1986–Volume 2–Appendixes. A Report of the Special Committee on Aging. United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. This document is the second volume of a two-volume Senate report describing actions taken during 1986 by the Congress, the administration, and the Senate Special Committee on Aging which are significant to older Americans. While volume 1 summarizes and analyzes federal policies and programs that are of continuing importance for older persons and their families, volume 2 contains an extensive set of appendices. Appendix 1 contains the annual report of the Federal Council on the Aging. Appendix 2 contains reports from the United States Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, and the Treasury. Reports are included from several federal agencies, including: (1) ACTION; (2) Commission on Civil Rights; (3) Consumer Product Safety Commission; (4) Environmental Protection Agency; (5) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; (6) Federal Communications… [PDF]

(1988). Women in the Nontraditional Workforce. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, First Session on Examining the Problems Facing Women Who Seek Jobs in Fields Traditionally Dominated by Men, Particularly in Construction and High Technology Areas (November 17, 1987). This congressional hearing examines the problems facing women who seek jobs in fields traditionally dominated by men, particularly in construction and high technology areas. Witnesses include women who tell about barriers they personally have faced as they seek careers in high-tech and construction, who lead organizations that are working hard to break down those barriers, and who represent the viewpoint of unions and employers regarding this problem. Representatives of the Reagan administration tell what they have done and what they plan to do in the future. Testimony includes statements and prepared statements from individuals representing Human Resources Development, Ohio Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administrator, Department of Transportation; Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT); DOT Office of Civil Rights; Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor; Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs;… [PDF]

O'Connor, John P.; Rosall, Judith (1979). "Our Vision: A Journey to Better Health": Proceedings of the National Indian/Alaska Native Health Conference (3rd, Spokane, Washington, July 22-26, 1979). Nearly 1,500 Indian representatives from across the United States attended the 4-day conference, sponsored by the National Indian Health Board (NIHB), to discuss and learn more about significant issues regarding the delivery of health services to American Indians. Each day participants attended workshop sessions to discuss and debate issues related to one of three major conference topics. The major themes and related workshop issues were: legislative issues (National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, PL 93-641; Indian health manpower development; contracts, grants, and intergovernmental personnel assignments; Indian provisions of the Good Stamp Act of 1977; tribal specific health plans; traditional Indian medicine; implementation of the Health Services and Centers Amendments of 1978, PL 95-626; and 1980 Census); human services (alcohol and drug abuse; emergency medical services; patient rights; Indian Child Welfare Act; Indian elderly; urban Indian health care); and…

Finn, James D.; Weintraub, Royd (1967). An Analysis of Audiovisual Machines for Individual Program Presentation. Research Memorandum Number Two. The Medical Information Project (MIP) purpose to select the right type of audiovisual equipment for communicating new medical information to general practitioners of medicine was hampered by numerous difficulties. There is a lack of uniformity and standardization in audiovisual equipment that amounts to chaos. There is no evaluative literature on such equipment and no better place to turn than to the "Audio-Visual Equipment Directory" which, essential though it is to this purpose, has many shortcomings. No machine listed in it, or discovered by an other survey, meets the requirements of MIP for individual programed instruction audiovisual (color slides and records) presentation. Factors that count in the selection of an audiovisual machine include the human factor, reliability, safety, technical requirements, cost, manufacturing, distribution, and maintenance considerations. The lack of standards raises problems of conversion which, allied with resulting manufacturing… [PDF]

Taylor, George (2000). Parental Involvement: A Practical Guide for Collaboration and Teamwork for Students with Disabilities. Considerable attention has been given to parental involvement in education in the last decade, and the movement has empowered parents and given them a moral and legal right to be involved as partners with the schools and community agencies in the education of their children. This text provides a collaborative model which parents, teachers, and community agencies may employ to meet the needs of children with disabilities. Specific activities and intervention strategies provide an approach for parents and teachers to develop programs jointly. Major topics include a systems perspective of human development, parenting skills with recommended strategies, the importance of parental reactions to their children with disabilities, the need for parent counseling, the effect of federal legislation on parental involvement, techniques for improving parental involvement, promoting cultural awareness, innovative ways of jointly sharing information and ensuring confidentiality, reporting progress…

Donnelly, James F. (2004). Humanizing Science Education. Science Education, v88 n5 p762-784 Sep. This paper argues that the diverse curriculum reform agendas associated with science education are strongly and critically associated with the educational characteristics of the humanities. The article begins with a survey of interpretations of the distinctive contribution which the humanities make to educational purposes. From this survey four general characteristics of the humanities are identified: an appeal to an autonomous self with the right and capacity to make independent judgements and interpretations; indeterminacy in the subject matter of these judgements and interpretations; a focus on meaning, in the context of human responses, actions, and relationships, and especially on the ethical, aesthetic, and purposive; and finally, the possibility of commonality in standards of judgement and interpretation, under conditions of indeterminacy. Inquiry and science technology and society (STS) orientated curriculum development agendas within science education are explored in the… [Direct]

Wenniger, Mary Dee, Ed. (1996). Women in Higher Education, 1996. Women in Higher Education, v5 n1-2. This document consists of the issues of a 1996 newsletter on women students, teachers, and administrators in higher education. Each issue includes feature articles, news on higher education, profiles of significant people in the field, and job announcements. The issues' main articles concern: (1) a successful campaign to increase female representation throughout the University of Michigan campus; (2) how downsizing integrated work/family issues on the Ohio State University campus; (3) American Bar Association suggestions on how to end law school sexism; (4) Bennington College's efforts to link student and academic services; (5) how leaders can create ethical campus climate; (6) the stir caused by a poster of women artists 24 years after its creation; (7) how homophobia intimidates women athletes; (8) organizations' need for the human spirit; (9) campuses joining to "right the standard" that waivers; (10) maintaining diversity amid threats to affirmative action; (11)… [PDF]

Minear, Larry; Weiss, Thomas G. (1995). Humanitarian Politics. Headline Series No. 304. This booklet examines the issue of humanitarian aid in times of crises and how the political and military conditions that generate the need for humanitarian action have changed in the post-cold-war era. There are different faces of civil war, changes in international assistance, and complex emergencies that demand new world responses to help those caught in need. Political realities must be taken into account as the human-needs agenda is addressed. The book has five chapters. Chapter 1, \Humanitarianism and Politics,\ examines prevailing understandings of humanitarianism and politics. Chapter 2, \Humanitarian and Political Actors,\ outlines the major actors in today's crises. Chapter 3, \Getting the Relationship Right,\ provides examples of different ways of responding to these crises. Chapter 4, \Looking to the Future,\ suggests changes in approach in response to crises. Chapter 5, \Implications for U.S. Policy,\ presents challenges to U.S. policy. The book concludes that… [PDF]

(1996). Fact Book, Fiscal Year 1996. This annual report provides information about the institutions under the South Dakota Board of Regents including six universities and the schools for the deaf and visually handicapped. The first section provides information on general concerns (such as the Regental Committee structure and institutional mission statements). The bulk of the report consists of tables and charts that summarize the following (with sample sub-topics): (1) financial affairs (operating budgets and budgeted mean salaries); (2) tuition and fees (historical tuition rates–1971-1996 and Fiscal Year 1996 tuition and fees schedule; (3) financial aid (student financial aid by program and state funded financial aid programs); (4) enrollment (student profile, fall 1995 headcount data, enrollment by site of instruction); (5) student right-to-know (campus crime reports and student persistence rates); (6) special schools (the South Dakota Schools for the Deaf and Visually Handicapped); (7) human resources (faculty… [PDF]

Layfield, Eleanor Newman; Newman, Gerald (1995). Racism: Divided by Color. Multicultural Issues. Racism can be defined as any attitude, belief, behavior, or institutional arrangement that favors one race or ethnic group over another. This discussion of racism for young people defines attitudinal racism, ideological racism, individual or group discrimination, and institutional racism as four aspects of racism in the United States. While some scientists have abandoned the idea of classifying human beings into races, the average person continues to identify himself or herself and others as members of a particular race. This type of classification has been in effect throughout history, and continues, in spite of advances in civil rights, today. More subtle than overt racism is the institutional racism that society's structures have established and often maintain. Efforts to desegregate the school system have reduced some manifestations of institutional racism, and research indicates that schools in the past 20 years have been very successful in teaching children that it is wrong to…

(1991). The Fiesta Bowl Fiasco: Department of Education's Attempt To Ban Minority Scholarships. Eighth Report by the Committee on Government Operations, Together with Dissenting Views, 102d Congress, 1st Session. This is the eighth report by the Committee on Government Operations in the aftermath of the U.S. Department of Education's (DOE's) December 1990 attempt to ban race-specific scholarships, now called the Fiesta Bowl Fiasco. Based on a study by the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee, this report finds the following: (1) race-specific scholarships are legal when used in conjunction with voluntary or involuntary affirmative action as encouraged and affirmed by the Congress and the judiciary; (2) the December 1990 ban on race-specific scholarships was drafted secretly, without the opportunity for public comment, in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act; (3) despite the dubious legal basis of the ban on race-specific scholarships, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) has begun investigations of schools that use race-specific financial aid in their affirmative action programs. The report recommends that DOE should continue to uphold the legality of… [PDF]

Valle, Victor M. (1981). Reflexiones Sobre la Capacitacion de Docentes (Reflections on In-Service Teacher Training). Everyone concerned with educational systems performance agrees that the improvement of teaching qualities is a high priority in any educational effort. Teachers are assigned the role of change agents and are presented with new challenges, e.g., to make education global and permanent, flexible enough to serve in any environment (in or out of the classroom) for life, and reflective of the community. Teachers have to learn to adapt creatively to changes in science and technology and to prepare generations who are universal, critical, and creative and who have firm identities with their sociocultural background. However, a realistic approach to inservice teacher training should consider that teachers are ordinary human beings with their virtues, defects, duties, and rights. Providing some reflections on inservice teacher training, this paper discusses the rationale for and gives a definition of inservice teacher training. Some characteristics of managers in charge of teacher training… [PDF]

Brooks, Rick (1978). The Relationship Between Piagetian Cognitive Development and Cerebral Cognitive Asymmetry. This paper reviews research and opinions concerned with the lateralization of brain functions and cognitive development as described by Piaget. Optimal cognitive functioning in humans is a product of the complete development of interhemispheric communication in the brain. Growth spurts in brain development have been found to correlate closely with Piaget's developmental stages. The preoperational stage includes the progressive development of the neural fibers which connect the brain hemispheres, i.e., the corpus callosum (CC), and includes a brain growth spurt between the ages of 2 and 4. At this stage true lateralization of cognitive functions begins to occur as both hemispheres and the interhemispheric communication system continue to develop. Both right and left hemispheric developments can be seen in the stage of concrete operations. The development of the CC appears to be dependent upon its use and on the utilization of both hemispheres. A bias toward linear, logical thinking,…

Masmoudi, Mustapha (1980). A New World Information Order for Better Human Understanding. Many studies, particularly the report of the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems (ICSCP), have tried to define a new world information order for better human understanding. What appears to be needed is the establishment of a new, open-ended, conceptual framework leading to a freer, more efficient, more equitable, better balanced international communication system–one founded on democratic principles and favoring equality in the relations between sovereign states. The new order would be the ideal framework for promoting freedom of information/communication as an individual and collective right that must be guaranteed at all levels. In some respects, development and communication rest on the same principles. In other respects, the new communication order is a prerequisite to the new economic order. The ICSCP has made over 80 recommendations to put this orientation into concrete form. Intended for developing countries, industrialized countries,…

Parsons, Michael H., Ed.; Powell, Allan R., Ed. (1979). Ethics and the Professions, Spring 1979. Faculty members from Hagerstown Junior College present eight position papers discussing ethical issues in their various disciplines. Ralph Chapin reports on the impact of the recent federal copyright law and how it affects library and media personnel who must deal with and evaluate duplicated written materials, films, and recordings. E. Walter Clark discusses ethics, logic, and the structure of mathematics. An economics professor, Ray Johns, points out a series of business concerns frequently misconstrued as ethical problems and identifies economic freedom and security and anonymity in business transactions as pivotal ethical issues. Ethical issues facing health workers, particularly nurses, are the topic of the paper presented by L. Elizabeth Misner, and the rights of clients and therapists in a counseling situation are discussed by Marie Nowakowski. Allan Powell presents three brief examples of ethical violations in the study of human subjects in social science research. Robert…

Molfese, Dennis L.; And Others (1975). Cerebral Assymetry: Changes in Factors Affecting Its Development. This study attempts to evaluate procedures for studying hemispheric differences in newborn human infants and to determine what acoustic characteristics of speech sounds will trigger a left hemisphere (LH) repsonse. Within 48 hours of birth, 14 neonates were individually administered five aural stimuli which comprised two speech syllables, two nonspeech stimuli, and a 500 Hz tone. These stimuli were presented individually to the infants, and corresponding auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were measured by means of recording electrodes on left and right temporal areas of the infant's brain. Factor analysis was used to isolate the minimum number of AEP components which accounted for the majority of the variance. Four factors were found which together accounted for 96% of the variance. The results offer further evidence to support the idea that hemispheric differences are present during early infancy and that there are AEP differences between male and female infants. Although the study…

(1970). Learning into the Twenty-First Century. 1970 White House Conference on Children, Report of Forum 5. (Working Copy). In this nation, the right to learn what there is to be learned has been denied because of prejudices and adherence to unproductive teaching techniques. There has been too little acceptance of advanced practices. Federally funded experimental schools must be initiated as alternatives to present learning modes and for the development of exemplar models of philosophy and practice. Learning must become an end in itself, an individual choice, implying an individual definition of success. Modern technology will be implemented for flexible scheduling and progress rates. Acknowledging the growing emphasis on television in the home, the forum suggests each home could house computers and microfilm libraries. \School\ will focus on human interaction and the ability to know oneself. Teachers will be engaged in preparing computerized lessons, evaluating programs, and counseling; therefore, funds must be allocated for redesign of teacher education. The achievement of this program means commitment… [PDF]

Beeby, C. E. (1967). Planning and the Educational Administrator. Fundamentals of Educational Planning Series, No. 4. Educational planning is defined as the exercising of foresight in determining the policy, priorities, and costs of an educational system, having due regard for economic and political realities, for the system's potential for growth, and for the needs of the country and of the pupils served by the system. As related particularly to an educational administrator, five aspects of this view are discussed: (1) The new longterm dimension of national educational planning, taking into account economic growth, human resource development, and \macro-planning,\ or the simultaneous consideration of a country's several development plans; (2) planning regarded as a linear operation involving preparation, adoption, and execution; (3) sensitivity to political realities, including national goals and influence groups; (4) the educational administrator as special guardian of the rights of the child, within the total framework of the country's economic and manpower needs, and (5) the educational…

David, Henry P.; Wright, Nicholas H. (1971). Studies in Family Planning, Volume 2 Number 10. Changes in abortion legislation in Romania, together with the effects of restrictive legislation, are summarized in "Abortion Legislation: The Romanian Experience," the first of two articles in this monthly publication of The Population Council. Romania legalized abortion on request in September, 1957. Nine years later, October, 1966, the right to abortion was severely restricted, while other legal measures with pronatalist intent were introduced. Speculating upon the utility of this legislation in attempting to influence human fertility behavior, it is shown that well-established behavioral patterns of fertility control are resistant to significantly prolonged change by governmental edict alone. The second article, "Family Planning Patterns in Sierra Leone," is a sequel to Thomas Dow's paper which appeared in "Studies in Family Planning", Volume 2, Number 8 (SE 012 796). While the focus of the earlier paper was on presentation of data and… [PDF]

(1999). Standards for Service Coordination in Early Intervention. The Vermont Interagency Coordinating Council for Families, Infants and Toddlers (VICC) was established by federal law to advise the Vermont Department of Education and the Agency of Human Services on the statewide system of early intervention services for families of children with special needs, ages birth to three. In Vermont, the early intervention system is known as the Family, Infant and Toddler Project. Every family of an infant or toddler referred for evaluation and early intervention services has the right to family-centered, comprehensive service coordination. In response to a statewide need expressed by families and service providers, the VICC has worked to develop standards for service coordination in early intervention. These standards reflect Vermont's family-centered, community-based, interagency service delivery model, illustrating what every qualified, agency-supported service coordinator should know and be able to do to support families of children with special… [PDF]

Baek, Yongchun; Jones, Randall (2005). Sustaining High Growth Through Innovation: Reforming the R&D and Education Systems in Korea. OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 470. OECD Publishing (NJ1) With inputs of labour and capital slowing, sustaining high growth rates in Korea will increasingly depend on total factor productivity gains, which are in turn driven to a large extent by innovation. While a number of Korean firms are at the world technology frontier in areas such as ICT, the diffusion of technology to lagging sectors is a priority to sustain growth. This paper recommends policies to improve the science and technology system by upgrading the R&D framework, in part through closer linkages between firms, universities and the government, and enhanced intellectual property right protection. Strengthened competition, particularly in the service sector, is needed to promote the diffusion of new technologies. Innovation also requires policies to ensure the supply of high-quality human capital through reforms of tertiary education. This requires a restructuring of the university system through increased competition and deregulation, as well as additional financial… [Direct]

Braver, Todd S.; Gray, Jeremy R.; Green, Leonard; Yarkoni, Tal (2005). Prefrontal Brain Activity Predicts Temporally Extended Decision-Making Behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, v84 n3 p537-554 Nov. Although functional neuroimaging studies of human decision-making processes are increasingly common, most of the research in this area has relied on passive tasks that generate little individual variability. Relatively little attention has been paid to the ability of brain activity to predict overt behavior. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying behavior during a dynamic decision task that required subjects to select smaller, short-term monetary payoffs in order to receive larger, long-term gains. The number of trials over which the long-term gains accrued was manipulated experimentally (2 versus 12). Event-related neural activity in right lateral prefrontal cortex, a region associated with high-level cognitive processing, selectively predicted choice behavior in both conditions, whereas insular cortex responded to fluctuations in amount of reward but did not predict choice behavior. These results demonstrate the utility… [Direct]

Lim, Byung-Ro (2004). Challenges and Issues in Designing Inquiry on the Web. British Journal of Educational Technology, v35 n5 p627-643 Sep. The purpose of this study is to discuss major issues in designing inquiries on the web. Instructional designers face a lot of difficulties and challenges to deal with in the course of designing inquiry experiences for learners in the online environment, a complex and ill-structured learning environment. Facilitating inquiry or using an inquiry-based learning approach on the web has both advantages and disadvantages. Instructional designers need to acknowledge the design issues arising in each and every phase of the design process. Utilising appropriate design strategies, instructional designers can provide positive learning experiences for their online learners. For this purpose, three representative cases in the context of teacher professional development were examined and six major issues were identified as follows: (1) seeking a balance between a system-generated guide and human facilitator, (2) visual representation of the inquiry process, (3) motivating learners with the right… [Direct]