(1988). A Domestic Priority: Overcoming Family Poverty in America. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, Second Session. Although more Americans are working than ever before, economic and employment trends over the past decade have resulted in low-income families falling even farther below the poverty level than ever before. The purpose of this oversight hearing is to discuss strategies to overcome family poverty. Testimony was submitted by six expert witnesses in the fields of social services and public policy. Key issues and their solutions discussed include the following: (1) support for families with two working parents that includes medical protection and a higher minimum wage, an improved Earned Income Tax Credit, and refundable day care credits; (2) support for single parent families that includes workfare programs and reform of child support collection; (3) male unemployment, a central factor in never-married parenthood, which could be addressed by progressive welfare reform with a job creation policy and universal provision of child and health care; (4) the passivity generated by the… [PDF]

NELSON, MARVEN O. (1967). INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY AS A BASIS FOR THE COUNSELING OF LOW ACHIEVING STUDENTS. WHEN REMEDIAL COURSES IN ENGLISH, MATHEMATICS, AND STUDY SKILLS PROVED UNSUCCESSFUL IN REDUCING FAILURE AND ATTRITION RATES AT ROCKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE, A PROGRAM OF REQUIRED COUNSELING WAS ADDED, BASED UPON NINE ASSUMPTIONS–(1) ALL BEHAVIOR IS PURPOSIVE, (2) ALL HUMAN BEINGS HAVE A DESIRE TO ACHIEVE, (3) LEARNING IS A CONSEQUENCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCES, AND THE DESIRE TO LEARN IS NATURAL, (4) FAILURE TO LEARN IN SOME AREAS FREQUENTLY RESULTS FROM DISCOURAGEMENT, (5) EACH PERSON DEVELOPS A LIFE STYLE TO GOVERN HIS PERCEPTIONS, DETERMINE HIS GOALS, AND CHARACTERIZE HIS ACTS AND REACTIONS, (6) A STUDENT'S BEHAVIOR TOWARD HIS ACADEMIC WORK IS CONSISTENT WITH HIS LIFE STYLE, (7) A STUDENT ABLE TO CONCEPTUALIZE HIS LIFE STYLE CAN MODIFY IT, (8) BY A PROCESS OF ENCOURAGING, COUNSELORS MAY HELP IN MAKING CHANGES TO FACILITATE LEARNING, (9) THE COUNSELOR IS ENCOURAGING WHEN HE SHOWS HONESTY, FRANKNESS, RESPECT, AND WILLINGNESS TO BE COOPERATIVE. TECHNIQUES USED WERE (1) IDENTIFICATION OF…

Goodlad, John I.; Goodlad, Stephen John; Mantle-Bromley, Corinne (2004). Education for Everyone: Agenda for Education in a Democracy. Jossey-Bass, An Imprint of Wiley The founders of the United States envisioned education as providing for all citizens the necessary apprenticeship in the understanding and practice of democracy. To make democracy safe there must be universal schooling; to make schooling safe for education there must be democracy. But since the founding of the country, the study and practice of democracy in American schools has weakened. The authors advocate a return to the primary purpose of education and ensure that it is indeed for everyone. The agenda for education proposed by the authors is more than an effort to revitalize a civics curriculum. It is about restoring a shared humanity to the educational process. It is about the need to make caring, compassion, freedom, dignity, and responsibility central to the mission of schooling. It is about placing power and responsibility, a concept more demanding than accountability, in the hands of those who need and deserve it. It is about taking the idea of excellence seriously. It is… [Direct]

(2005). Toys: Universal Tools for Learning, Communication and Inclusion for Children with Disabilities. PACER Center The toys children use during play are extremely important in their development. Anthropologists have found evidence of toys dating back as far as the first record of human life and among all cultures. Toys can be an entertaining and educational way for children to learn and respond to social situations, and they give children the opportunity to interact with other children. For children with disabilities, toys are not only a wonderful educational tool, but they can provide a unique opportunity for communication, self expression, and, especially, inclusion. On the surface, children playing with a toy seems simple, but in fact, they are learning a skill each time they play. Playing with toys can set the foundation for reading, writing, mathematical reasoning, social interaction, and creativity. Even though a child with a disability may have some limitations, he or she can still develop skills to use throughout life. Playtime also gives children, especially those with disabilities, the… [Direct]

Mungai, Anne M. (2002). The Quest for Education in Post Colonial Kenya: My Personal Experiences. This paper recounts the personal and educational experiences of a Kenyan woman now living in the United States. The paper relates her misfortune of failing the primary school national examination, which meant that she would not be admitted to a government high school. It discusses education during the British colonial period in Kenya and traces her passage through a Catholic boarding school with 300 students from all walks of life. The paper describes the woman's life in the United States where she attended graduate school. The education system in Kenya is described, giving the historical background of the traditional Kenyan system, and noting the beginning of modern western education in Kenya. It also considers the education of females in Kenya. After Kenyan independence, education was seen as a vehicle to train more human resources to enhance economic development; distribute national income; bring national unity; and ameliorate national disparities. The paper states that Kenya… [PDF]

Jackson, Valery L. (2001). The Voices Crying in the Wilderness: A Call for Common Sense and Ethical Practice in American Educational Reform. There is a need to generate an improved American educational perspective that does not deliberately undermine and/or destroy the basic structure of the family by devaluing the very processes and behaviors required to develop and maintain that essential structure over time. To accomplish this, the idea of the existence of acceptable behavior codes, which affect a social reality beyond the self, must be addressed. These behavior codes must suit the needs of the larger society. More educational researchers and practitioners must acknowledge the existence of a societal force beyond the self and communicate this to the students. There must be an acknowledgment that there should be a larger social responsibility and that this sense of responsibility is necessary for the maintenance of American families and their civilization. There is concern for the current educational direction and the emergent, self-centered dysfunctional family. The free dispersal of ideas without some semblance of… [PDF]

Zaremba, Alan Jay (1997). Effects of E-mail Availability on the Informal Network, and Dissemination of Upward and "Human" Messages. Electronic mail is becoming more and more common in contemporary organizations. Despite the technological sophistication of e-mail, questions remain regarding the value of the innovation for organizations. The assumption that the presence of e-mail, in and of itself, obviates internal communication problems is inaccurate and problematic. This paper reports the findings of a study that assessed the use of e-mail in a classroom setting. Thirty-nine undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory organizational communication course were required to obtain a university e-mail account and had basic training in how to use the system. Students were required to use e-mail for one class assignment, and had the option to use it for submitting an assignment or for communicating with the instructor. The study assessed the frequency and nature of e-mail communication. Over 75% of messages received by the instructor were optional messages. While e-mail may be implemented to facilitate the… [PDF]

Hughes, Larry W.; Ubben, Gerald C. (1997). The Principal: Creative Leadership for Effective Schools. Third Edition. Although leadership should not be thought of as manifest only in the acts of a single person, the school principal is the person who arranges the organizational conditions. To help future and present school principals, issues behind leadership and the management aspects of the principalship are presented. The book combines theory and practice, allowing enough leeway to encourage tailored solutions. The focus is on the practicalities of making better use of staff in decision making, program analysis and curriculum reform, and in improved instructional delivery systems. The text contains 16 chapters which are divided into four parts: (1) organizational and societal settings, with chapters on style, instructional leadership, decision processing and decision making, the school and the community, and legal rights and responsibilities of students and staff; (2) school program design and delivery, with ideas on school restructuring, creating a positive learning climate, special students…

Wattenberg, Esther, Ed. (2000). Sovereignty: The Heart of the Matter. Critical Considerations on the Interface between the Indian Child Welfare Act and Adoption and Safe Families Act. A Summary of Proceedings of the Conference (Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 17, 2000). The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) recognizes tribes' rights to exercise authority over the welfare of Native American children. Although the ICWA was passed more than 20 years ago, its implementation in Minnesota has been uneven. A conference was held to rectify that situation, and these proceedings provide, among other things, information on negotiations, based on relationships of respect and equity, that have been accomplished between a number of tribes and their county affiliates. The first presentation, by John Red Horse, discusses the concept of sovereignty and its significance for ICWA. Valerie Lane gives a national perspective of critical considerations on the interface between the ICWA and the permanency planning required by the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). Next, Georgia Wetlin-Larson presents a Minnesota perspective on this interface, followed by a rural county perspective given by Fran Felix. The fifth presentation is a roundtable discussion on sorting out the… [PDF]

(1999). Head Start Program Regulations and Program Guidance for Parts 1304 and 1308. Revised. Head Start and Early Head Start are comprehensive child development programs providing services to children from birth to age 5, pregnant women, and their families. The Head Start Program Performance Standards, mandatory regulations that grantees and delegate agencies must implement in order to operate a Head Start program, are designed to ensure that Head Start goals and objectives are met. This document contains Parts 1301 through 1306, 1308, 1309, and 1311 of the standards, and also includes guidance materials for Parts 1304 and 1308. Sections detailing Part 1304 cover: (1) general standards (purpose and scope, effective date, definitions); (2) early childhood development and health services (child health and developmental services, education and early childhood development, child health and safety, child nutrition, child mental health); (3) family and community partnerships; (4) program design and management (program governance; management systems and procedures; human resources… [PDF]

(1997). State of Maine Learning Results: Social Studies. In this document the social studies knowledge and skills deemed necessary for preparing Maine students for work, higher education, citizenship, and personal fulfillment are identified. The document serves as a guideline for teachers and parents regarding what students should know and be able to do at various checkpoints during their social studies education. Introductory materials include "Guiding Principles" and "Structural Processes for Shaping and Implementing Education Reform." Social studies content is organized by discipline area and is further differentiated by content focus. "Civics and Government" is divided into content areas (1) "Rights, Responsibilities, and Participation"; (2) "Purposes and Types of Government"; (3) "Fundamental Principles of Government and Constitutions"; and (4) "International Relations." History includes content areas (1) "Chronology"; (2) "Historical Knowledge,… [PDF]

Amdursky, Saul (2004). The Case for Consolidation: Our 19th-Century Model of Governance Is a Formula for Mediocrity. Library Journal, v129 n2 p38 Feb. We need fewer public libraries with greater dependence. Here at the beginning of the 21st century, public libraries are still saddled with a 19th-century model of government. They are far too beholden to governing authorities, usually municipal or county governments, for their financial sustenance. This is a formula for mediocrity. \Local control\ is the watchword of that 19th-century model of government. It is based on the idea that citizens have a right and responsibility to govern themselves and to control issues at the local level, issues that are outside the purview of the state and federal authorities. Zoning, land use policies, public schools, and public libraries are all examples of government services that are usually subject to local control. Tough economic times can be the catalyst for change. Large libraries have deep collections, seasoned staffs, historical perspective, and broad-based programming expertise to contribute. Collectively, smaller libraries bring a growing…

King, Angela G. (2006). Research Advances: Eating Clay? Look to Soil for New Leads in Arthritis Treatment; The Fate of Tetracyclines. Journal of Chemical Education, v83 n2 p186 Feb. Teachers often struggle to excite students about geology, with most young people in today's technology-driven society being unfamiliar with rocks and minerals. Discussions centered on medical geology, the science that studies the link between normal environmental factors and geographical distribution of health problems, may help bridge the gap. Medical geologists work to determine proper exposure levels for humans in regard to essential minerals. It is the right dosage that differentiates between a poison and a remedy. One example of this is Fluoride. In the United States it is added to public water systems in low concentrations to promote dental health. On the other hand, children in tropical regions, such as Sri Lanka, may be exposed to fluoride concentrations in drinking water in excess of 1.5 mg/L. The result is dental fluorosis, a dark brown coloration and mottling of the teeth. On the other hand, too little of an essential mineral can be harmful. About 30% of the world's… [Direct]

Emily Setty (2019). A Rights-Based Approach to Youth Sexting: Challenging Risk, Shame, and the Denial of Rights to Bodily and Sexual Expression within Youth Digital Sexual Culture. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, v1 n4 p298-311. Educational interventions on youth sexting often focus on individual sexters or would-be sexters, and are driven by the aim of encouraging young people to abstain from producing and sharing personal sexual images. This approach has been criticised for failing to engage with the complex sociocultural context to youth sexting. Drawing upon qualitative group and one-to-one interviews with 41 young people aged 14 to 18 living in a county in south-east England, I explore young people's perceptions and practices surrounding sexting. By taking a grounded theory approach to the research, I reveal how young people's shaming of digitally mediated sexual self-expression shaped and was shaped by a denial of rights to bodily and sexual autonomy and integrity. This denial of rights underpinned harmful sexting practices, including violations of privacy and consent, victim blaming, and bullying. I conclude that responses to youth sexting should attend to this broader youth cultural context,… [Direct]

(2006). Digital Broadband Content: Digital Content Strategies and policies. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 119. OECD Publishing (NJ1) The development of digital content raises new issues as rapid technological developments challenge existing business models and government policies. This OECD study identifies and discusses six groups of business and public policy issues and illustrates these with existing and potential OECD Digital Content Strategies and Policies: (1) Innovation and Technology (Encouraging R&D and innovation in content and content-related networks, software and hardware; Building an environment conducive to content production, networks, and technological spillovers; Expanding venture capital financing and improving valuation of digital content; and Addressing skills, training, education and human resource development issues); (2) Value Chain and Business Model Issues (Encouraging non-discriminatory business and policy frameworks; Increasing competition and, where appropriate, co-ordination along value chains to develop new distribution and revenue models; Working to improve technology neutrality and… [PDF] [Direct]

Allen, Katherine R.; Murray, Michelle M. (2020). Emerging Adults' Perceptions of Male Circumcision in the United States: Facts, Fictions, and Future Plans. American Journal of Sexuality Education, v15 n2 p180-200. Societal perspectives on male circumcision and its implications are not well understood. In this exploratory qualitative study, participants (N = 34, 7 male, 27 female) enrolled in a human sexuality course were asked to share their perspectives on male circumcision through the development of a written response to open-ended questions. Written responses were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis to determine the ways in which participants perceive male circumcision, as well as to explore the arguments, contradictions, and rationalizations emerging adults use to justify it. Participants were largely in support of circumcision and believe it to be beneficial in terms of hygiene, esthetics, social acceptability, and tradition. Participants acknowledged the risks of circumcision and rationalized them, indicating they were in favor of the procedure and would circumcise their own sons despite limited knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks. Findings indicate emerging adults do not… [Direct]

Clemans, Allie; Coles, Jan; Crampton, Paul E. S.; Davis, Corinne; Jacobs, Nicky; King, Olivia A.; McKeown, Tui; Morphet, Julia; Rees, Charlotte E.; Seear, Kate (2020). Student Dignity during Work-Integrated Learning: A Qualitative Study Exploring Student and Supervisors' Perspectives. Advances in Health Sciences Education, v25 n1 p149-172 Mar. While University students increasingly participate in work-integrated learning (WIL), their dignity is often violated during WIL. The current literature is limited in so far as it typically focuses on student perspectives within healthcare contexts and does not use the concept of 'dignity'. Instead, this study explored student and supervisor perspectives on student dignity during WIL across healthcare and non-healthcare disciplines. Research questions included: What are: (1) types of student dignity experiences and patterns by groups; (2) factors contributing to experiences; (3) consequences of experiences? Sixty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted using narrative interviewing techniques with 30 supervisors and 46 students from healthcare (medicine, nursing and counselling) and non-healthcare (business, law and education) disciplines. Data were analyzed using framework analysis. Nine common narrative types were identified within 344 stories: verbal abuse, right for… [Direct]

(1994). Joint Hearing on H.R. 4086, the Youth Development Block Grant Act. Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education and Civil Rights and the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives. One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. A hearing was held on H.R. 4086, the Youth Development Block Grant of 1993, a bipartisan bill introduced by Representatives Constance A. Morella (Maryland) and Donald M. Payne (New Jersey). The purpose of the initiative was to expand community-based youth development programs for youth aged 6 to 19 years. The bill was supported by the National Collaboration of Youth, a coalition of 15 major youth serving organizations, collectively serving over 25 million young people. The bill would fund programs that help youth reach their fullest potential through youth clubs, sports and recreation, mentoring programs, leadership development, substance abuse and delinquency prevention, and community service programs. Fund allocation would be based on a state's total school-age population, the percentage of that population living in poverty, and the increase of juvenile crime in the state. Although the opening statement by Representative Cass Ballenger (North Carolina) expressed doubts that the… [PDF]

Poza, Luis E. (2021). Adding Flesh to the Bones: Dignity Frames for English Learner Education. Harvard Educational Review, v91 n4 p482-510 Win. In this essay, Luis E. Poza argues that educational dignity can help practices and reforms targeting students classified as English learners move beyond a narrow focus on programmatic and material factors related to English language development and instead toward more holistic consideration of these students and their schooling ecologies. In aligning the philosophical and legal operationalizations of dignity with landmark judicial victories for racially and linguistically minoritized students, he argues that dignity frameworks are relevant and actionable for more effectively imagining and designing education as an empowering, emancipatory endeavor…. [Direct]

Davis, David S. (1992). Total Quality Management: Public Sector Applications for Training Programs. Total quality management (TQM) is based on the fundamental philosophy that it is always more effective to do something right the first time than it is to correct deficiencies. It seeks to improve quality and increase customer satisfaction by restructuring traditional management and organizational practices. Common characteristics of TQM include the following: customer-driven; strong leadership; employee participation; continuous improvement; action based on facts, data, and analysis; and prevention versus inspection. TQM was initially applied to manufacturing, although it is now finding applications in the service sector, including health, finance, and human services. TQM can be applied to employment and training activities such as Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) Title IIA adult training programs. JTPA programs include performance standards such as employment rate and earnings at follow-up. Activities that lead to these performance standards include recruitment, certification,…

(2002). CAPTA: Successes and Failures at Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Education of the Committee on Education and the Workforce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session (August 2, 2001). These transcripts present testimony from the first hearing on the reauthorization of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), focusing on CAPTA's implementation and administration since its last reauthorization, and effective and ineffective practice in child abuse and neglect prevention. Opening statements were made by Representatives Peter Hoekstra and Tim Roemer. Testimony was heard from: (1) Wade Horn, Assistant Secretary for Children and Families at the Department of Health and Human Services, describing proposals for increasing funding to current programs and for funding new programs to strengthen fatherhood and marriage and to support maternity group homes; (2) a professor of social work at the University of Pennsylvania, advocating additional training for caseworkers; (3) a research fellow from the Heritage Foundation, pointing out the need to maintain due process rights for accused parents; (4) a representative of the National Child Abuse Coalition, arguing… [PDF]

Albright, Michael J. (1996). Instructional Technology and Higher Education: Rewards, Rights, and Responsibilities. This keynote address seeks to establish a definition for "instructional technology" that does not emphasize computer hardware and software but instead focuses on human skills, resource management, problem solving, and educational settings. Also discussed are ways in which technology like electronic mail and the world wide web has penetrated institutions of higher learning and has caused shifts in learning and instructional paradigms. Barriers to faculty use of instructional technology range from a lack of administrative commitment to poorly equipped classrooms and disproportionate access. So many barriers exist, in fact, that much of what faculty has accomplished with technology has happened in spite of, rather than because of, the campus environment. This paper concludes that faculty have the right to: (1) a reward system that places a high value on teaching and innovative teaching methods in addition to research activities; (2) an institutional climate that encourages… [PDF]

Hairston, Rosalina V., Ed. (1990). The Responsible Use of Animals in Biology Classrooms Including Alternatives to Dissection. Monograph IV. This monograph discusses the care and maintenance of animals, suggests some alternative teaching strategies, and affirms the value of teaching biology as the study of living organisms, rather than dead specimens. The lessons in this monograph are intended as guidelines that teachers should adapt for their own particular classroom needs. Chapter 1, \What Every Life Science Teacher Should Know About Using Vertebrate Animals in the Classroom and in Science Projects,\ discusses procurement and maintenance of animals, accidents involving animals, disposal of dead animals, and diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Chapter 2, \The 3 R's: Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement,\ includes biology teaching objectives, alternatives that use the 3 R's, and lessons that use the 3 R's. Chapter 3, \Ethical Considerations,\ presents a field guide to the animal rights controversy and lessons that explore ethics. Chapter 4, \Resources,\ provides information on teaching materials,… [PDF]

(1992). Social Studies K-12. Teacher Handbook. This curriculum guide for North Carolina social studies teachers stresses the fact that social studies traditionally has accepted the dominant burden of preparing young people to inherit the right and the responsibility of effective citizenship. It is the single curriculum area whose subject matter is the entirety of human experience. The sequence for social studies described in this handbook defines in general terms the subject matter to be emphasized in social studies at each grade. The general description is intended to guide local curriculum coordinators as they select specific content for each level and course. Within these general guidelines, teachers and curriculum coordinators have flexibility to select topics and areas of study for their students. The recommended organizational pattern is both sequential and developmental. Introductions to the primary, elementary, middle level, and secondary social studies programs as well as the introductions for specific grade levels… [PDF]

Gallagher, Arlene F.; Robinson, Donald (1989). Passing the Torch: A Model School-Community Project. During the 1988-89 school year, a Bicentennial Model Site Program was conducted by the American Bar Association's Special Committee on Youth Education for Citizenship. This program was designed to improve students' understanding of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights by forging partnerships between schools and communities at the local level, and to develop effective program models that could be replicated in schools nationwide. One of the school-community projects conducted under the Model Site Program was in Easthampton, Massachusetts. The specific objective of the Easthampton project was to make use of one of the community's most valuable human resources–senior citizens–in elementary, middle, and high school classrooms. This handbook highlights the Easthampton project and is designed to help others develop similar school-community projects. In preparation for the project, teachers attended an in-service course on law related education (LRE) teaching strategies and on… [PDF]

(1982). Parenting, Teaching, Counseling, Gifted and Talented. GIFTS Anniversary Symposium. This collection of papers for school personnel and families who deal with gifted and talented children addresses teaching and counseling strategies as well as the role of the family in educating these children. \Instructional Strategies for the Gifted and Talented,\ by Donna Rae Clasen, emphasizes questioning as an instructional strategy. \Using Children's Books for Creative and Cognitive Development,\ by Robin Deutsch, discusses bibliotherapy. \Vocational Expression of Human Talent,\ by Philip A. Perrone and Dennis H. Van Den Heuvel, analyzes the characteristics of talented persons and their career development processes. Other titles are: \Creativity: A Multifaceted Phenomena,\ by Linda S. Lingemann and David H. Stong; \Understanding and Educating the Right Hemisphere,\ by James L. Lee and Charles J. Pulvino; \Sensitizing Ourselves to the Unique Concerns of the Culturally Different Gifted Child,\ by Karol L. Jensen and Angela E. Hope; \Parents–The Prime Resource: Support Groups of…

Vigilante, David (1991). The Constitution in Crisis: The Red Scare of 1919-1920. A Unit of Study for Grades 9-12. This unit is one of a series that represents specific moments in history from which students focus on the meanings of landmark events. Continuing narrative provides context for the dramatic moment. By studying a crucial turning-point in history, students become aware that choices had to be made by real human beings, that those decisions were the result of specific factors, and that they set in motion a series of historical consequences. The lessons are based on primary sources, taken from documents, artifacts, journals, diaries, newspapers, and literature from the period under study. By analyzing primary sources, students will learn how to analyze evidence, establish a valid interpretation, and construct a coherent narrative in which all the relevant factors play a part. This unit is designed to help students recognize that the guarantees of the Bill of Rights are fragile and must be secured by a commitment to principles. When exaggerated fears of political, racial, or ethnic groups…

Nelson, Victoria (1989). The Gender Gap and Women's Issues in the 1988 Presidential Campaign. Two factors during the 1988 presidential campaign were largely responsible for the erosion of "women's issues" and the so-called "gender gap"–the perception that a candidate is unattractive to women voters. This perception is thought to be based upon the candidate's stand on issues such as abortion, day care and the Equal Rights Amendment. First, with regard to George Bush, success was gained through a series of interrelated identifications which offered disparate images, each with a potentially persuasive effect on women. One image of Bush was that of law-and-order "Equalizer," which appealed to women who were anxious about crime in the streets and drugs in the schools. Added to this was the kinder, gentler "Father-Knows-Best" image of Bush which reinforced Bush's claim to family values. Yet another effective version was that of Bush as "Bumbler," in which the self-deprecating Bush could laugh at himself and demonstrate his human…

Sanders, M. J. (1978). Human Values and Educational Goals. Four issues concerning human values in America will affect the formation of future educational goals. These issues have impact on the development of a values system and on the analytical thought process. First is the need to choose between an emphasis on liberty and an emphasis on equality. Present confusion in American society is illustrated by the point that those persons who are against allowing individuals to decide on abortions are the same ones who insist on individual rights in regard to housing and the hiring of personnel. Second, decision making needs to include those affected by the results of the decision. Presently, decision making at a national level involves local issues, such as the presence of nuclear energy plants in certain states. Third, we must be aware that some of the decisions we make will affect our children. For example, the highway system of the 1950s immediately alleviated unemployment, subsidized trucking, and increased mobility. However, it fostered the…

Hall, Robert T. (1979). Moral Education: A Handbook for Teachers. Insights and Practical Strategies for Helping Adolescents to Become More Caring, Thoughtful, and Responsible Persons. This handbook contains background readings, teaching strategies, and units of study for teaching moral education at the elementary, secondary, and adult levels. It offers practical strategies and insights for helping adolescents become more caring, thoughtful, and responsible persons. The intent is to help young people make more rational decisions and become more aware of value considerations when attempting to chart the courses of their own lives. There are three major parts to the handbook. Part 1 examines and discusses the pros and cons of both hard-line and soft-line approaches to moral education. The hard-line approach emphasizes teaching children the absolute, eternal principles of right and wrong. In contrast, the soft-line approach emphasizes teaching children to increase their self-awareness and to engage in more fulfilling human interactions. It also emphasizes the need of freedom for creative expression. The book argues that what's needed is a moderate approach to moral…