Oseguera, A. Anthony (1987). Nicaragua: Political-Economy as Communication and Media Influence. The Nicaraguan people, through a successful revolution and subsequent elections, have chosen a communist government. This paper, using an historical-descriptive methodology, examines the status of Nicaragua under the current political-economy that prevails in that nation. Political-economic statements made and published in the press that support or criticize Nicaragua's administration are studied. The media's influences as advocate and adversary are discussed. It was found that the media has influence when it is permitted to speak openly and freely. The Nicaraguan government is moving towards conciliation with the Reagan Administration's demand for human rights in Nicaragua. This is demonstrated by the facts that "La Prensa" and "Radio Catolica," both of which have criticized the government, are back in operation, and that free elections are once again being discussed. A list of references is included. (BJV)… [PDF]

Irwin, Wallace, Jr. (1983). America in the World: A Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy. The purpose of this book is to provide information about the history, development, and practices of U.S. foreign policy. Part 1, \The World and the Nation,\ provides: (1) an overview and brief history of the countries and organizations affecting U.S. foreign policy; (2) a summary of U.S. history; and (3) information about the process of foreign policy development. Part 2, \The Regions,\ focuses on: (1) the effect of U.S.–USSR relations on European countries; (2) northeast Asian countries' relationships with the United States and the USSR; (3) instability in developing nations; and (4) western hemisphere countries. Part 3, \The Issues,\ describes global concerns in terms of war, peace, human rights, economics, ecology, and world order and provides selected generalizations concerning the development and practices of international relations. A glossary of terms and a 49-item bibliography are included. (JHP)…

Darton, Andrew W., Jr.; Linville, Malcolm E. (1977). Lecture-Demonstration: Using Multi-Ethnic Cultural Materials to Prepare University Students to Teach in the Inner-City. This course is designed to give university students an introduction to the varying social and cultural backgrounds of students in inner city communities. Materials in the areas of literature, music, and history are assigned and presented to these future teachers. Class presentations are used to help students to broaden their perspectives and sensitivities with regard to minority groups. In order to improve verbal communication between these students, who are usually from middle class, standard English speaking backgrounds and ghetto residents who may speak nonstandard English, phonograph records and tapes of black English are played in the classroom. Dramatizations and readings from ethnic history are used to help students to understand the struggle of minority groups for basic human rights. It is hoped that the increased understanding fostered by this course will result in improvements in urban education. (GC)… [PDF]

(1978). Christian Voices on World Order. The Whole Earth Papers, Vol. 1, No. 10. This special issue of the Whole Earth Papers examines Christian perspectives on world order. The document is the first in a series to promote understanding of the ways in which religious and humanist traditions can help develop a more humane world order. Sixteen articles comprise the document. World order issues are explored from various theological dimensions including historical, creational and eschatological, evangelical, ethical and moral, contemplative, and spiritual. Topics discussed include Christ and world order, crises of growth, political power struggles, resource depletion, spiritual insight versus scientific inquiry, justice, political implications of Jesus' teachings, pacifism, human rights, disarmament, and the mission toward unity. The concluding section suggests that the Whole Earth Papers be used for personal growth and study, group discussion, background for lobbying efforts, college, high school, and adult education courses, and resource libraries. (DB)…

WOODWARD, AGNES (1967). POVERTY/PAUVRETE, SUPPLEMENT 1, MARCH/MARS 1967. THIS SUPPLEMENT TO A 1966 BIBLIOGRAPHY ON POVERTY IN CANADA IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS–(1) AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RELEVANT PERIODICALS, PAMPHLETS, BOOKS, SPEECHES, UNPUBLISHED WORKING PAPERS, AND OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIES IN ENGLISH, CROSS REFERENCES UNDER 22 SUBJECT HEADINGS, AND ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR–(2) A SIMILIAR, BUT SMALLER, FRENCH CANADIAN BIBLIOGRAPHY. SUBJECTS INCLUDE CHILDREN AND YOUTH, OLDER ADULTS AND AGING, COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION AND LEARNING, ETHNIC AND MINORITY GROUPS, FAMILY LIFE, HEALTH AND THE HANDICAPPED, HOUSING AND URBAN RENEWAL, RURAL AND URBAN POVERTY, INCOME AND BUDGETING, LABOR, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND MANPOWER, LAW, CITIZENSHIP, AND HUMAN RIGHTS, MIGRATION, SOCIAL CHANGE, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PLANNING, WELFARE AND SOCIAL SECURITY, AND SOCIAL WORK SERVICES. THE DOCUMENT ALSO INCLUDES JOURNALS, MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK THESES, AND AN AUTHOR INDEX. IT IS AVAILABLE FROM THE CANADIAN WELFARE COUNCIL, 55 PARKDALE, OTTAWA 3, ONTARIO. 254…

Kegley, John F. (1975). The Myth of Value Free Counseling. A counselor's values are inherent in all that he does with a client, ranging from selection of the counseling modality to the decision to terminate facilitative intervention. Value-free counseling is a myth, and recognition of this fact is the first step in arriving at a clear conception of what counseling can, or should, be. A counselor can be considered an advocate for what one can become. In this sense, counseling is a political, value-laden process to create tolerant personalities and safeguard human rights. Whatever means and modalities are employed in counseling to facilitate the development of the tolerant personality, the process must be a liberating one that releases the mind and emotions from ignorance, prejudice, partisanship or superstition, that emancipates the will, stimulates the imagination, broadens the sympathies, generates empathy and makes the client a citizen of the world. (Author/PC)… [PDF]

Johnson, Viola; And Others (1969). Multi-Ethnic Micro-Units. These micro-units of instruction are designed to teach fourth and fifth grade students the multi-ethnic heritage of America. They emphasize the free and open acquisition of knowledge through the inquiry method. Multiple sources are used in each unit and the range of difficulty should enable the student to show progress in skill development as well as content knowledge. The units included in this work are: 1) American Mosaic; 2) Immigrants All; 3) Human Rights; 4) Who is a Patriot; 5) The Myth of the Negro Slave; 6) Americans All; 7) What is a Democracy?; 8) Afro-American Contributions; 9) Ideas for Expansion. Each unit is outlined in terms of concept, generalization, behavioral goals, and teaching procedures. A bibliography is included at the end of each unit. Other documents from the Task Force are SO 005 534 through SO 005 551. (FDI)… [PDF]

van Driel, Barry (2005). Coming to Justice: A Program for Youth around Issues of International Justice. Intercultural Education, v16 n2 p161-169 May. In this article I describe the origins, aims and content of a program developed by the Anne Frank House around issues of international justice. The program, designed for high school and university students who are 17-years-old and older, and entitled "Coming to Justice", takes the betrayal of Jews during the Holocaust as its starting point. Students from different countries critically examine through interactive exercises the history of the Nuremberg trials and then shift their focus to a genocide that took place during their lifetime: the conflict in Bosnia. Part of the program involves attending an actual trial at the International War Crimes Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the Hague. Internal evaluations show that attending a trial leaves a lasting impression on the student and a desire to remain focused on human rights issues…. [Direct]

Phan, Loan T.; Torres-Rivera, Edil (2005). Puerto Rican Gangs: A Historical Overview. Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling, v25 n2 p87 Apr. This article presents the problem of gangs on the island of Puerto Rico from a historical, economical, and political perspective. Some Puerto Rican historians are convinced that the gang problem in Puerto Rico is due to the political ambiguity and human rights violations of prison inmates (F. Pico, 1998). Some social scientists believe that gangs are not a widespread problem in Puerto Rico. Their claim is supported by the fact that the only literature about gangs that can be found in Puerto Rican libraries is in newspapers and not in academic literature (De Jesus Mangual, 2002; Serrano, 2002). This article argues that gangs do exist in Puerto Rico and shed light on the problem from a historical perspective. It concludes with a list of recommendations for counselors based on the article's analysis and review of literature….

Schweisfurth, Michele (2005). Learning to Live Together: A Review of UNESCO's Associated Schools Project Network. International Review of Education, v51 n2-3 p219-234 May. Some 7400 schools belong to the global network of UNESCO's Associated School Project Network. They are committed to promoting ideals such as human rights, intercultural understanding, peace and environmental protection. This study is based on an extensive review undertaken in 2003. It discusses the origins and analyzes the achievements of the Associated School Project Network in bringing change to schools, communities and national policy. The analysis employs a variety of models of educational innovation and reform in order to assess the horizontal and vertical impact of the Associated School Project Network. It draws general conclusions on the usefulness of such networks for intercultural learning and educational and social change. Key issues include the commitment of stakeholders; the treatment of culturally sensitive issues; cultural interpretations of certain subjects; the value of horizontal networks; and the difficulty of achieving vertical impact on national policy-making…. [Direct]

Prenger, Suzanne M., Ed. (1999). Teaching for Inclusion: A Resource Book for NU Faculty. This teaching manual helps college faculty understand how to work with diverse students in the classroom. An introductory section defines diversity, discusses teacher attitudes, and suggests where to begin. The 14 chapters are: (1) "Creating Inclusive Classrooms"; (2) "Selected Strategies for Teaching for Inclusion"; (3) "Gender"; (4) "Class in the Classroom"; (5) "African American Students"; (6) "Latino/Hispanic Students"; (7) "Native American Students"; (8) "Asian American Students"; (9) "European American Students"; (10) "International Students"; (11) "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Students" (12) "Students with Diverse Religious Beliefs"; (13) "Students with Special Physical or Learning Disabilities"; and (14) "Nontraditional Students." The 15 appendixes include tables, lists, and data on: faculty and staff diversity; gender… [PDF]

Mizokawa, Donald T.; Morishima, James K. (1980). Education for, by, and of Asian/Pacific Americans, II. Research Review of Equal Education, v3 n4 Fall 1979. This report examines the community and psychosocial concerns of Asian/Pacific American parents, teachers, and students in public and postsecondary education. Limited access to education is attributed to (1) the lack of academic models; and (2) language differences and communications barriers that result in educational discrimination. Bilingual education and English as a Second Language programs for Asian/Pacific Americans are analyzed, and the Asian American community's perceptions of these programs are considered. A psychosocial profile of Asian/Pacific Americans is developed which explores assertiveness, speech anxiety, and frustration aggression in Asian American behavior. Cultural values held by Asian Americans are considered in relation to their educational and occupational goals. Postsecondary Asian/Pacific studies programs are also discussed. The authors conclude that underlying the issue of equal education for Asian and Pacific Americans is the more general issue of human…

(1984). Role of Women in Teachers' Organizations in South and South-East Asia. The role of women in teachers' organizations in South and South-East Asia was the subject of a workshop having two principal objectives: (1) a consideration of measures that can be taken by teachers' organizations to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and to secure for them human rights on the basis of equality with men; and (2) to foster the participation of women in teacher organizations at the leadership level. This document is divided into five chapters: (1) Opening Ceremony; (2) Some Reflections on the Issue of Equal Rights for Women; (3) The United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women; (4) Recommendations of the Workshop; and (5) Mini Leadership Training Course. A guide to the study of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is appended, as is a list of workshop participants. (DB)…

Roy, Menaka (2004). Adult Learning in the Asia Pacific Region: It's Time to Walk the Walk. Convergence, v37 n3 p115-132. A statement that governments in the South Asia region are increasingly distancing themselves from adult literacy drew comment from some experts in education and health that it is "too sweeping" and should not be aired without adequate references and data to substantiate it. The arguments in support of the verities of adult literacy and learning–that it is a right, that it has a value beyond itself, that it also has instrumental value, that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, that it is good for the individual as well as the nation, and so on–are unlikely to require substantial debate among the converted. However, the debate over "literacy" versus "literacies" continues, and the linking of literacy with development appears to some to be an abrogation of the human rights perspective. (Contains 2 notes.)… [Direct]

Benninger-Budel, Carin (2000). Rights of the Child in South Africa: Violence against Girls in South Africa. This report to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child contains observations of the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) concerning the application of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child by the nation of South Africa. Noting that the Convention is the only "mainstream" human rights instrument that explicitly states the rights apply equally to female and male children, the report first provides observations and recommendations concerning violence against girls in South Africa. General observations in this area indicate that despite Government efforts at the legislative, policy, and awareness levels, there remain, both in law and practice, discrimination against girls and conflict between the constitution and religious and customary laws which perpetuate harmful practices against girls. This section then examines: violence against girls in the family, including early marriages, bride prices, genital mutilation, and virginity testing; violence… [PDF]

(1979). U.N. Withholds Action on a Report of Human Rights Violations in the United States. American Indian Journal, v5 n12 p8-10 Dec. A panel of seven international jurists and lawyers has found a pattern of human and legal rights violations against Native Americans and other minorities in the United States. Their three-week investigation focused on political prisoners and discovered abuses of both the activists and the criminal process. (Author/DS)…

Eliot, Carol; And Others (1992). Values in Action: A Middle School Ethics Course. This course guide provides a framework for teaching an ethics course, developed for eighth-graders, that explores the development of values, the decision-making process, and the role of community. Class objectives, procedures, and assignments for 48 class periods are divided into 10 units. Student handouts along with unit assignment lists, homework worksheets, and suggestions for supplementary materials and outside resources are included. Divided into two parts, part 1, \Sources of Values,\ contains the units: (1) \Introduction: Developing a Working Relationship\; (2) \Personal Values\; (3) \Family Values\; (4) \School Values\; and (5) \Cultural Values: Religious and Political Codes.\ Part 2, \Integrity: Values in Action,\ includes the units: (1) \Introduction and Notes on the Final Project\; (2) \Compassion: 'The Elephant Man'\; (3) \Human Dignity: Mohandas Gandhi\; (4) \Courage: 'The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman'\; (5) \Respect and Human Rights: 'Black Like Me'\; and (6)… [PDF]

Seymour, S. Frederick, Ed. (1967). Washingtion Colloquium on Science and Society, First Series (Held at the American University, Washingtion, D.C. 1964-1965). Reprinted is the second Washington Colloquium on Science and Society. This report contains each monthly paper and ensuing discussion. The theme of the colloquium was science and policy in national and international affairs. Some of the implications of science and technology discussed included weaponry, cybernetics and human rights, and the effect of technology on the free world's access to and acquisition of raw materials. Political topics included the influence of modern science in shifting the balance of political power and the question of scientists acting as science advisors to governments. Moral problems posed by modern science discussed included experimentation with human subjects, maintenance of life, and organ transplants. Discussed also is science as a cult of mythology. Each of the major topics was presented by a specialist in the selected field, whose position was then rebutted or expanded by two others prior to open discussion. (GR)…

McConaghy, Cathryn (2005). Bringing Knowledge to Truth: The Joke and Australian (In)Humanities. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, v34 p132-142. In the formulation of new humanities–knowledge, truth and social action brought together in the defence of what makes us human in this place and time–there is also the need to identify the obstacles to honouring our humanity. This paper continues the task of critically examining contemporary forms of inhumanity, in this instance as perpetuated by a liberal Australian government against its citizens and others. Liberalism, by nature, enables the co-existence of contradictory practices that both protect and deny human rights and dignities. In psychoanalytic terms, the defence of liberties and its repressed other, the denial of them, are both present in such states. Because of their links with both the conscious and the unconscious, an analysis of jokes provides insights into these contradictory processes. The paper explores how both the humanities and the inhumanities are manifest variously in the joking behaviours of social groups…. [Direct]

(1975). Fair Housing: A Better Answer than Busing. A Plan for Louisville and Jefferson County. In this paper, the Kentucky Commisssion on Human Rights outlines ways in which housing-related institutions and agencies can revise their policies and procedures to reverse the trend towards housing segregation. Recommendations are made to the city and county with regard to how Section 8 housing assistance programs can be used to promote desegregation. The need for and possible implementation of a measuring standard to use in the location of new housing is described. The necessity for Federal leadership and the responsibility of lending institutions is explained. Kentucky Housing Corporation policy is criticized and an appeal is made to business, industry, citizen, and real estate groups to adopt policies which will further and facilitate housing desegregation. It is implied that if local real estate groups do not cooperate voluntarily, the Commission may find it necessary to take court action towards the housing desegregation problem. (WI)…

Alabas, Ramazan; Kamer, S. Tunay; Polat, √úmit (2009). A Research on University Students' Opinions about the European Union. Online Submission, Paper presented at the International Congress of European Turks in the Context of Education and Integration (ICET) (2nd, Antwerp, Belgium, May 14-16, 2009). This paper's aim is to analyze university students' opinions about Europe, Europeanship, and Europe Union nowadays when entering European Unions arguments are on. Data's are collected by "interview" method by senior class students in different parts of this qualitative research. In 2008-2009 academic years, 50 students' opinions on European Citizenship, European Union Accordance Process, nationality role and aptitudes about Union (like, dislike) from different students at Education, Political Science, Theology, Law and Communication Faculties of Ankara University are taken. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis approach, content analysis approach and expressive analysis approach. Study's findings are considered valuable as in order to indicate University students' opinions about Process of Entering European Union and Unity. After having expert opinion, questionnaire questions are below that is half built: (1) What is your opinion on being an exact member of European… [PDF]

(1972). Draft Declaration of Guiding Principles on the Use of Satellite Broadcasting for the Free Flow of Information, The Spread of Education and Greater Cultural Exchange. Recognizing that communications satellites are capable of broadcasting programs for individual or community reception, and that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that everyone has the right to receive and impart information through any media regardless of frontiers, the following guiding principles are proclaimed: (1) Satellite broadcasting shall be guided by international law; (2) satellite broadcasting shall respect the sovereignty of all States; (3) the benefits of satellite broadcasting should be available to all countries without discrimination; (4) satellite broadcast international news programs should identify the body which assumes responsibility for the programs; (5) each country has the right to decide on the content of educational programs broadcast by satellite to its people; (6) cultural programs broadcast by satellite should respect the right of all peoples to preserve their culture; (7) commercial advertising should be subject to specific agreement… [PDF]

(1989). The Future United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. DCI/UNICEF Briefing Kit, Third Edition. This publication contains documents 1 through 4 of a briefing kit on the United Nations' anticipated Convention on the Rights of the Child. Document 1 discusses the human rights of children. Document 2 describes the anticipated convention and the process through which it was organized. Document 3 discusses the convention in terms of how it is expected to improve children's rights. Document 4 describes the implementation mechanism of the convention. Appended materials include a list of nongovernmental organizations that participated in an ad hoc group on the drafting of the convention, a descriptive flyer on the rights of the child, and the official text of the draft convention as of March, 1989. The convention is expected to set universally agreed standards for the protection of children and to provide an invaluable framework for advocacy on behalf of children and families and for the development of programs and policies that will ensure a healthier and safer future for children in…

Newell, Susan; Wilkie, Meredith (2000). School Communities: National Inquiry into Rural and Remote Education. This document focuses on ways that Australian Aboriginal parents and communities can get involved in schools. It reflects the recommendation given to the Australian Parliament by the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) concerning the rights of Indigenous communities to self-determination within the education system. Chapters are devoted to seven different ways of getting involved in local schools, with examples drawn from actual experiences in different parts of Australia. The types of involvement described are parent committees, interagency committees, culturally appropriate schools, independent community schools, curriculum development, and teaching as an assistant teacher or aide. The last chapter describes how the best of these strategies have been combined in a culturally appropriate bilingual school with many Indigenous teachers and strong links with the local Indigenous community. Each chapter typically describes the main example in some detail, presents… [PDF]

(1985). U.S. Participation in International, Scientific, Educational, Cultural, and Communications Fields in the Absence of U.S. Membership in UNESCO. Report prepared for the Subcommittees on Human Rights and International Organizations and on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session. This report contains the results of an evaluation of the impact of U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO on various international educational, scientific, and cultural activities. The study was undertaken to assist Congressional subcommittees in considering the Reagan administration's fiscal year 1986-87 requests for contributions to the United Nations' agencies and programs following U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO. The report discusses concerns in the following areas: Education; Communications and Culture; Natural Sciences; Social Sciences, Human Rights, and Women's Issues; The General Information Program; Statistical Services; and Copyright. Background information on major issues and concerns is provided. One concern common to all areas is the future role of the Soviet Union in the UNESCO program. It is feared that the Soviet Union, upon U.S. withdrawal, would use its increased influence to redirect toward statist themes the UNESCO programs that are currently highly regarded in the United… [PDF]

Erkut, Sumru; Jaquette, Dan (1976). Moral Judgement and Prosocial Behavior: An Interactional Approach. The study focuses on the interaction between moral development and situational factors as it affects prosocial behavior. Three experimental conditions varied the permissibility of interrupting a task to help an \ailing\ confederate. A situation by moral judgment interaction was predicted. Stage three and four subjects, defining right action in accordance with conventional expectations or obligations would not help in any of the three conditions. Stage five subjects, defining right action in terms of human rights and contractual obligations would help in the Permission condition. The results support these predictions. It is only within the extended boundaries of Permission condition that Stage five subjects were able to resolve the conflict between their responsibility to the welfare of the \victim\ and their contractual agreement with the experimenter. The implication of the study is that neither knowledge of situational variables by itself nor knowledge of moral judgment alone are… [PDF]

(1999). Migrant Education. Adult Learning and Groups with Special Needs. A Series of 29 Booklets Documenting Workshops Held at the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Hamburg, Germany, July 14-18, 1997). This booklet provides an overview of the growing demands for adult education as well as other social services in helping migrant workers move out of poverty and succeed in cultures other than their own. Issues raised included questions about migrants' access to education and about building solidarity networks for ensuring basic human rights. A comparative view of migrant education practices in Asia and Europe and general issues relating to the problem of refugee education were also considered. The booklet concludes that it is possible to support the right of migrants and refugees to education by providing comprehensive education and training opportunities that promote their political, economic, and social participation and enhance their competence and their cultural base. Initiatives for these efforts already exist. Recommendations are made to develop and implement programs to help host populations to understand the rights and conditions of migrants and refugees and to enroll… [PDF]

Black, Maggie (2001). Early Marriage: Child Spouses. Innocenti Digest No. 7. This digest focuses on early marriage–the marriage of children and young people under the age of 18–from a human rights perspective. Research into early marriage has tended to concentrate on specific aspects of its impact, such as the effects on reproductive health and school drop-out. There has been little examination of the practice as a child rights violation in itself. The digest examines the extent of early marriage, its context, its causes, and its impact on every aspect of the lives of those affected–particularly young girls–and on the wider society. It outlines strategies to help those who have been married at an early age, and for the prevention of early marriage through education, advocacy, and alliance building. The digest concludes with a call for more rights-based research on an issue that has far-reaching consequences. Contains data boxes alongside the text and extensive information sources. (BT)…

Muller, Anne, Ed. (1999). Education: A Right or a Privilege? Student Journalists Report on the Right to Education Worldwide. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1998, students in more than 400 schools of journalism around the world were invited to write articles or take photographs that illustrate the right to education. This magazine features the 18 winning articles and photographs that provide a vivid picture of the wide gap between the right to education and the reality. The articles report on the educational needs and aspirations of slum dwellers in Uganda, on the deplorable conditions of state schools in the post-perestroika Russian Federation, on the battle against illiteracy in India, on the consequences of cost-sharing policies in Kenya, and on the harsh realities of street children in Mexico. Each article contains a table of information about the individual country, including geographical placement, population, life expectancy, population growth rate, Gross National Product (GNP) per capita, illiteracy rate, public expenditure on education, and… [PDF]

Pablo Toro-Blanco (2024). Each Young in His Place so the Country Does Not Continue Wasting Its Invaluable Human Capital: Confluences of Educational Languages in a Reformist Experience (Chile, c.1964-c.1970). Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, v60 n6 p1088-1104. Against the backdrop of the Educational Reform in Chile since 1965, this article sheds light on the convergence of educational language based upon the economic notion of developmentalism, the idea of human capital and the expansion of school guidance (orientaci√≥n) in Chilean education. Through analysing right-wing press and discourses from teachers and counsellors who were supporters of the significant changes that secondary education was going through led by Christian democrats, we briefly reveal the confluence and the opposition of concepts and the strategic differences among relevant actors in the reformist process…. [Direct]