Waghid, Y. (2007). Educating for Democratic Citizenship and Cosmopolitanism. South African Journal of Higher Education, v21 n5 p584-595. Over the past century our world has witnessed much uncertainty and ambivalence as a consequence of inhumane acts perpetrated against humanity such as murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, persecution on political, racial or religious grounds, war crimes (mistreatment of civilians and non-combatants as well as one's enemy in combat), and genocide (through ethnic cleansing, mass executions, rape and cruel punishment of the enemy). These \crimes against humanity\ once again require the emergence of norms which ought to govern relations among individuals in a global civil society (Benhabib 2006, 20). Drawing on the seminal ideas of Amy Gutmann (1996) and Seyla Benhabib (2006), I want to offer some ways democratic citizenship and cosmopolitanism can enhance the educational project of ensuring universal justice for all individuals and not just members of our own societies. Firstly, I shall argue that educating for cosmopolitanism is conditional upon the cultivation of democratic… [Direct]

Ben-Porath, Sigal (2012). Defending Rights in (Special) Education. Educational Theory, v62 n1 p25-39 Feb. The state's commitment to educating all children can be framed as a matter of human capital development, or the economic benefits accrued to individuals and society as a result of educational attainment; it can be framed as a matter of capabilities, or the development of functionings that enable human flourishing; and it can be framed as a matter of rights. In this essay Sigal Ben-Porath considers the relative merits of the three approaches, elaborating the implications each of these different frameworks has for the education of children with disabilities. While the capabilities approach, which arises from and relates to the rights approach, is sensitive to the needs of individuals with disabilities (more than the human capital approach is, in any case), Ben-Porath concludes that a rights framework can best express through educational policy the state's commitment to the education of all children, regardless of ability…. [Direct]

Norton, Sam; Rahman, Qazi; Xu, Yin (2019). Early Life Conditions and Adolescent Sexual Orientation: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Developmental Psychology, v55 n6 p1226-1243 Jun. This study tested the association between multiple prenatal and postnatal early life factors and adolescent sexual orientation in a longitudinal birth cohort. Factors included birth weight, gestational age, parental age at birth, number of older brothers and sisters, breastfeeding, maternal anxiety/depression, family socioeconomic position, parent-child relationships, parental absences, pubertal body mass index, and housing issues. We used data on 5,007 youth from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Sexual orientation was assessed using a 5-point scale of sexual attraction at 15.5 years. Early life factors were separated into three developmental periods: prenatal (n = 9), before 7 years (n = 5), and after 7 years (n = 5). We controlled for childhood gender nonconformity, handedness, and digit ratio as markers of prenatal androgen exposure. Gender nonconformity was strongly associated with later male and female nonheterosexuality, and higher right-hand digit… [Direct]

Brettig, Karl; Sims, Margaret (2018). Early Childhood Education and Early Childhood Development: Do the Differences Matter?. Power and Education, v10 n3 p275-287 Nov. In many Western nations (an area of the world identified by Connell as the Global North), the early childhood sector has positioned itself within the education discourse. This positioning brings along with it the neo-liberal agenda in relation to education — i.e. that education's key aim is the preparation of employable future employees (children as human capital). Along with this is the increasing imposition of employer-identified skills and knowledges on the curriculum in order to shape children, through education, into the 'right' attitudes, dispositions and knowledges. Thus, early childhood education has become increasingly subject to external accreditation, whereby services are evaluated based on their adherence to predetermined standards. Early childhood educators' work has increasingly required the operation of a panoptic view of children, whose every behaviour is observed, recorded and judged. The authors argue that such standards, in some contexts, act as barriers to… [Direct]

Al-Sharif, Sarah (2018). What Special Education Teachers Need to Know about the Self-Determination Skills to Assist Students with Disabilities?. Online Submission "Self-Determination" concept is based on the simple assumption that human beings ought to be in a position to intrinsically influence their life outcomes. The concept as well avails people with the right to control positive life outcomes by managing the Decisions and Choices they make. Typically, the concept revolves around the approach of positive achievements through good Decisions and Choices. It is as well defined as a skill based on knowledge and belief aimed at enhancing a quality of life achievements, success, and goals actualization. "Self-Determination" has been established a practical life skill vital to all age groups irrespective of physical, mental, or social status. Self-Determination works a single system with various sub-elements influencing its overall contribution towards goal achievement. The approach's subsystem alignment acts and contributes unitary towards achieving desirable outcome depending on the expectations of the involved parties…. [PDF]

Bocanegra, Bruno R.; Christiansen, Morten H.; Conway, Christopher M.; Ellefson, Michelle R.; Lai, Jun; Poletiek, Fenna H. (2018). Under What Conditions Can Recursion Be Learned? Effects of Starting Small in Artificial Grammar Learning of Center-Embedded Structure. Cognitive Science, v42 n8 p2855-2889 Nov. It has been suggested that external and/or internal limitations paradoxically may lead to superior learning, that is, the concepts of "starting small" and "less is more" (Elman, 1993; Newport, 1990). In this paper, we explore the type of incremental ordering during training that might help learning, and what mechanism explains this facilitation. We report four artificial grammar learning experiments with human participants. In Experiments 1a and 1b we found a beneficial effect of starting small using two types of simple recursive grammars: right-branching and center-embedding, with recursive embedded clauses in fixed positions and fixed length. This effect was replicated in Experiment 2 (N = 100). In Experiment 3 and 4, we used a more complex center-embedded grammar with recursive loops in variable positions, producing strings of variable length. When participants were presented an incremental ordering of training stimuli, as in natural language, they were better… [Direct]

Rowe, Bradley D. (2009). Animal Rights and Human Growth: Intellectual Courage and Extending the Moral Community. Philosophical Studies in Education, v40 p153-166. While the ethical dimension of human-animal relationships has become a legitimate, rich subject for contemporary moral philosophers, scholars of moral education, and to a large extent, philosophers of education, have remained surprisingly silent on this subject. The primary purpose of this essay is to illustrate the relationship between the moral standing of animals and human moral growth. First, the author briefly shows how the Western philosophical tradition has both justified human dominion over nonhuman animals as well as laid the groundwork for assigning the latter with moral value. The author's second task is to revisit contemporary moral philosophy in order to outline the main arguments for extending the moral community to encompass nonhuman species. Then, the author examines the narrative of Julie Andrzejewski, who–through teaching, writing, and activism–remains dedicated to issues of social justice, including the ways in which human beings coexist with nonhuman beings…. [PDF]

(1999). Education Department General Administrative Regulations. 34 CFR Parts 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 97, 98, and 99. This publication by the U.S. Department of Education is an unofficial version of the Department's General Administrative Regulations. The volume incorporates final regulations that the Department published too late to appear in the official July 1, 1998, version of Title 34 of the Code of Federal Regulations issued by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR). However, the only official versions of these regulations are those published by the OFR in the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations. This book covers the administration of grants and agreements to institutions of higher education, hospitals, and other nonprofit organizations. It offers detailed instructions on direct-grant programs and state-administered programs. The document supplies definitions that apply to department regulations and provides information on intergovernmental review of Department of Education programs and activities. It also addresses uniform administrative requirements for grants and… [PDF]

Asch, Adrienne; And Others (1984). Building Community: A Manual Exploring Issues of Women and Disability. Intended for feminist, educational, and disability rights groups, the manual examines the connection between discrimination based on gender and discrimination based on disability. Disability is addressed as a political, civil rights issue, a human relations issue, and as a personal experience. Background information on the disability rights movement and on the double discrimination faced by women with disabilities is considered. A format is presented for a 3-hour workshop to raise awareness about attitudes towards disability, parallel concerns of disabled and nondisabled women, the importance as role models of adults with disabilities, and disability as an equity issue. Workshop materials are provided, including biographical sketches of notable women with disabilities and discussions of action strategies for organizational change. Five readings on the topic are appended. (CL)…

Gould, Ronald (1969). Education and Human Rights. Nat Elem Princ, 48, 3, 33-40, 69 Jan. This article is based on a speech to the Assembly of the World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession (17th, Dublin, Ireland, July 23, 1968)….

Hayston, Jesse Jay (2019). Measuring Meaningful Community Inclusion: A Multiple Case Study of Developmental Disability Service Providers in Massachusetts. ProQuest LLC, D.L.P. Dissertation, Northeastern University. This study used qualitative multiple case study analysis to explore community inclusion implementation among developmental disability service providers in Massachusetts. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (and its affirmation of community inclusion in Olmstead vs. L.C., 1999) set the stage for rights-based understanding of community inclusion, in contrast to custodial care or basic-needs paradigms of years prior. More recently, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid have committed to not only community-based services for those with disabilities (2014) but also to value-based contracting and payment measures that focus on outcomes tied to social determinants of health, including community inclusion. In Massachusetts in 2016, more than $300 million dollars were spent on day and employment services for 16,127 adults with disabilities, of which community inclusion was by far the most common (more than 98% of those receiving day services participated in community-based non-work… [Direct]

(1990). The African Adult Education Movement in Blossom. Report of the Secretary General to the Second General Assembly on the 1987-90 Period. Since 1987, many activities have been undertaken by the African Association for Literacy and Adult Education (AALAE). Perhaps the most important program activity has been the building of institutional capacities in the adult education movement. Important elements are organizational development, networking and solidarity, management development training, and small grants. Networks have been instituted to help members develop and implement programs. Under the Catalytic Initiatives Program, AALAE undertakes specific, concentrated action in particular subregions to strengthen adult education. The Exchange Program facilitates the sharing of experiences between adult educators and development activists. In other activities, the AALAE: (1) developed a program for Peace Education, Human and People's Rights; (2) began to build training capacities, especially through the training of trainers; (3) conducted a feasibility study to determine the need for an African Training Center for Literacy… [PDF]

(1969). Teaching about Human Rights. Sch Soc, 97, 2317, 233-234, 69 Apr. …

Goldman, Ronald (1969). Education and Human Rights. Tech Educ Ind Training, 2, 2, 43-45, 69 Feb. …

(1970). \. . . a Fundamental Human Right\. Sch Lunch J, 24, 8, 36-42, Sep '70. A kaleioscopic view of the proceedings of the second World Food Congress. (Author/RA)…

Mock, Karen R. (1995). Focus on Human Rights. Canadian Social Studies, v29 n4 p2-4 Sum. Maintains that educators have been at the forefront in the quest for equal opportunity. Asserts, however, that there is resistance to recognizing and removing bias from the curriculum and instructional materials. Discusses challenges in implementing inclusive education in Canadian schools. (CFR)…

Giroux, Henry A. (2021). Rethinking Neoliberal Fascism, Racist Violence, and the Plague of Inequality. Communication Teacher, v35 n3 p171-177. After decades of a savage global capitalist nightmare both in the United States and around the globe, the mobilizing passions of fascism have been unleashed unlike anything we have seen since the 1930s. The denial of the most basic elements of neoliberal fascism appears more difficult in the age of mass pandemics. Neoliberal violence now takes place under the assumption that it has escaped all control. How else to explain the collapse of public health systems underfunded for years as a result of neoliberal rule; the language of hate and violence aimed at people of color, especially under the former Trump administration; and the staggering increase in inequality in American society and its shameless counterpoint in massive increases in wealth among the ruling financial elite in an era of growing unemployment, and humans suffering in the age of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immediate solutions such as defunding the police and improving community services are important, but they… [Direct]

Bekis, Tugba Nur; Yigit, Murat (2021). Examining the Cultural Elements in Story Books Used in Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language: Sample of Dede Korkut Stories. Online Submission, European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching v5 n6 p1-19. Language is a vital part of human connection. All people need language in order to build relations with other people. Besides this, language encodes culture and provides the means through which culture is shared and passed from one generation to the next. In this sense, language is the basis of social and communicative ability. Communication is the transmission of signals or messages through verbal or nonverbal linguistic signs. Throughout this process, effective use of cultural signs positively affects the communication cycle. Especially, the use of texts including rich cultural elements helps the learner understand the nuances of meaning. With rich motifs, fantastic fiction, elements of curiosity and rich cultural content, Dede Korkut stories are in this sense among the rare works that are suitable for in the field of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. To this end, it is of great importance to find cultural patterns embedded in Dede Korkut stories and take advantage of these… [PDF]

Doughty, Howard A. (2018). From the Professoriat to the Precariat: Adjunctivitis, Collegiality, and Academic Freedom. International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, v9 n4 Article 1 p1-22. Social class lies at the core of much that Marx said about the "laws of history." Class conflict was to be the means whereby capitalism would be overthrown, superseded by a revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat and, subsequently, by a communist society in which alienation and exploitation would be replaced by emancipation and the full flowering of human potential as both individuals and a species. The capitalist system, however, has proven remarkably resilient and resourceful. The welfare state ameliorated extreme economic distress, popular culture sapped revolutionary energy, and "identity politics" fragmented political radicalism. Meanwhile, the definition of social class itself became problematic. A reorganized labor market produced divisions between the traditional working class and precarious workers and, in colleges and universities, the old "professoriat" was joined by a new "precariat" that now does over two-thirds of the… [Direct]

Mason, Sarah; McKee, Bronagh E. (2015). Domestic Violence and Abuse Prevention Programmes in the Early Years Classroom: A Pastoral, Academic and Financial Priority?. Pastoral Care in Education, v33 n4 p205-213. Prevention programmes underpin every child's right to "feel" safe and to "be" safe from all forms of harm. Delivered in schools across the globe, they aim to equip children with knowledge about safety and the skills to seek help early. By drawing upon international prevalence and impact research, as well as the legal, policy and curriculum context, this short study argues that preventative education should be both a pastoral and academic priority in the early years classroom and that the cost of violence and abuse, in both human and economic terms, is so significant that even marginally effective intervention programmes could be viewed as cost-effective…. [Direct]

Mitchell, Mozella G. (1987). The Quest for Human Rights: Human Paradox. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v15 n1 p18-22 Aug. The dream of equality for blacks is being challenged by reversion to former prejudices and practices, by new legislation which retards forward movement, by law enforcement officers allowed any means to achieve their objectives, by gradual and half-hearted commitment to change, by a new global perspective, and by religion. (PS)…

Edwards, Laura A.; Hyde, Daniel C.; Simon, Charline E.; Wagner, Jennifer B. (2016). Functional Brain Organization for Number Processing in Pre-Verbal Infants. Developmental Science, v19 n5 p757-769 Sep. Humans are born with the ability to mentally represent the approximate numerosity of a set of objects, but little is known about the brain systems that sub-serve this ability early in life and their relation to the brain systems underlying symbolic number and mathematics later in development. Here we investigate processing of numerical magnitudes before the acquisition of a symbolic numerical system or even spoken language, by measuring the brain response to numerosity changes in pre-verbal infants using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). To do this, we presented infants with two types of numerical stimulus blocks: number change blocks that presented dot arrays alternating in numerosity and no change blocks that presented dot arrays all with the same number. Images were carefully constructed to rule out the possibility that responses to number changes could be due to non-numerical stimulus properties that tend to co-vary with number. Interleaved with the two types of… [Direct]

Sykes, Maurice (2014). Doing the Right Thing for Children: Eight Qualities of Leadership. Redleaf Press Maurice Sykes has made advocating for and advancing high-quality early childhood education his life's work. Through mentorships, presentations, and personal example, Maurice challenges and inspires educators to become effective leaders who make a difference in children's lives. He does the same in "Doing the Right Thing for Children: Eight Qualities of Leadership," as he shares stories of the hills and valleys of his personal and professional journeys throughout the presentation of eight core leadership values: human potential, knowledge, social justice, competence, fun and enjoyment, personal renewal, perseverance, and courage. Use this book to develop the skills, knowledge, and habits of mind you need to be a successful leader–and do the right thing for children, whether you serve at the individual, organizational, or classroom level…. [Direct]

Basilakos, Alexandra; Bonilha, Leonardo; Fridriksson, Julius; Kristinsson, Sigfus; Rorden, Chris; Stark, Brielle C.; Xiao, Feifei; Yourganov, Grigori (2019). Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype-Specific Differences in Cortical Activation in Chronic Aphasia. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, v62 n11 p3923-3936 Nov. Purpose: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been shown to be important for synaptic plasticity in animal models. Human research has suggested that BDNF genotype may influence stroke recovery. Some studies have suggested a genotype-specific motor-related brain activation in stroke recovery. However, recovery from aphasia in relation to BDNF genotype and language-related brain activation has received limited attention. We aimed to explore functional brain activation by BDNF genotype in individuals with chronic aphasia. Consistent with findings in healthy individuals and individuals with poststroke motor impairment, we hypothesized that, among individuals with aphasia, the presence of the Met allele of the BDNF gene is associated with reduced functional brain activation compared to noncarriers of the Met allele. Method: Eighty-seven individuals with chronic stroke-induced aphasia performed a naming task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning and… [Direct]

Hamilton, Kristin Buckstad (2019). Wording Their Own Worlds: A Phenomenological Exploration of Teachers' Lived Experiences of Teacher Leadership. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park. Teacher leadership remains prominent in policy, career ladder programs, research, and professional discourse, yet few studies center what teacher leadership is like for teachers or what teachers are seeking when they construct their own career pathways. This gap is important to address. Teacher dissatisfaction certainly leads to recruitment and attrition challenges, but there is also an imperative for education as a human institution to attend to teachers' needs. This study describes the lived experiences six teachers and the author had of teacher leadership. Following the methodology of hermeneutic phenomenology as articulated by Heidegger, Gadamer, and van Manen, participant descriptions and other lifeworld texts are analyzed to render themes that evoke the lived bodies, time, spaces, and relationships of teacher leadership. Metaphorically, teacher leaders travel into between-spaces, across borders, and over edges in response to their callings. Teachers experience teacher… [Direct]

Forrester, Donald; Wilkins, David (2020). Predicting the Future in Child and Family Social Work: Theoretical, Ethical and Methodological Issues for a Proposed Research Programme. Child Care in Practice, v26 n2 p196-209. Social workers are constantly predicting the future. In England and Wales there is a legal duty on them to do so, as the 1989 Children Act requires workers to assess not only whether children "have" suffered significant harm, but also whether they are "likely" to do so. Similarly, in Northern Ireland social workers are required by The Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 to do the same. On a more mundane level, social workers are constantly making predictions about whether a parent might use and benefit from a particular service, whether there will be a further incident of domestic violence or even whether a family will be in (or not) for a home visit. Yet predicting the future is hard and doing so with complete accuracy is impossible. Social work is not the only area where prediction is necessary. In the "Good Judgment Project," forecasts made by experts were found, over relatively long timeframes, to be no better than chance. On the other hand, some… [Direct]

Martinez, Krissia; Myung, Jeannie; Nordstrum, Lee (2013). A Human Capital Framework for a Stronger Teacher Workforce. Advancing Teaching–Improving Learning. White Paper. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Building a stronger teacher workforce requires the thoughtful orchestration of multiple processes working together in a human capital system. This white paper presents a framework that can be used to take stock of current efforts to enhance the teacher workforce in school districts or educational organizations, as well as their underlying theories of how the teacher workforce improves over time. The paper refines and provides evidentiary support for a human capital system framework composed of four subsystems that ideally work together to build a stronger teacher workforce: (1) getting the right teachers in the right positions on time (Acquire); (2) supporting professional growth in school-based learning communities (Develop); (3) nurturing, rewarding, and challenging high-performing teachers (Sustain); and (4) informing evidence-based personnel decisions (Evaluate). Attention to this framework will engender a corps of teachers with the capacity and expertise to collectively… [PDF]

Morin, Kimberly A. (1994). 1994 State Legislation on Native American Issues. This report includes state-by-state summaries of 1994 legislation pertaining to Native American issues. Of 344 bills introduced in the state legislatures in 1994, 92 were enacted and 20 are still pending. Major issues addressed in 1994 legislation included Native American education; history, language, and culture preservation; sovereignty; law enforcement and jurisdiction; land rights; tribal gaming; health and human services; water and fishing rights; taxation of tribal property; state-tribal relations; Native American affairs groups; sacred burial site preservation; housing authority; appropriations (general); economic and natural resource development; and tribal status recognition. Appendices include an overview of all bills proposed in each state, a list of Native American state legislators, a list of federally recognized tribes of each state, and Native American population by state. (LP)… [PDF]

Jenkins, J. Craig; Peterson, Lindsey; Scanlan, Stephen J. (2007). Military Famine, Human Rights, and Child Hunger: A Cross-National Analysis, 1990-2000. Journal of Conflict Resolution, v51 n6 p823-847. Discussions of world hunger have focused on economic growth and international food aid, assuming that food supply is the critical issue. The authors show that food access rooted in social stratification and military power is the central problem. Synthesizing the entitlement and military famine approaches to hunger, the authors examine the effects of food supply, economic growth, social stratification, and military power on child hunger in less developed countries (1990-2000) using a cross-national analysis. Child hunger is largely due to gender stratification, militarization, and armed conflict. Halting wars, expanding political rights, and improving gender equity reduce child hunger. Economic growth and programmatic international food aid reduce child hunger, but there are no benefits from increased total food supply or international emergency relief. Child hunger is an access problem best addressed by expanding social and political rights, reducing armed conflict and… [Direct]

Akbar, Na'im (1980). Desegregation in the 80's: Concerns and Challenges for Public Education. The underlying reason for the failure of United States schools to provide equal educational opportunity to black children can be found in the Brown v Board of Education decision, which was unwanted and written from the perspective that blacks are an inferior group. This discriminatory basis has caused resistance to school desegregation economically, politically, and socially. Statistics demonstrate that reluctant integration has resulted in a loss of role models and leadership positions within schools for black students. Change will be effected only if the underlying assumption that differences imply superior and inferior groups is abandoned. Americans should reaffirm their respect for human dignity and recommit themselves to American principles of the equality and inalienable rights of all human beings. (MK)… [PDF]