(1995). Future Learning: Distance Education in Community Colleges. ERIC Digest. The use of distance learning programs at the postsecondary level is expected to grow throughout the 1990s, with much of the growth taking place in community colleges. As of 1994, 80% of community colleges offered some form of distance education (DE) programs. A 1992 national survey of DE practices reported that broadcast television was the most widely used technology, while a 1990 survey reported that 63% of responding community colleges relied on public television, 49% used educational channels, and 4% offered videotape checkout. Other DE programs are synchronous in nature, using live interactive instruction, audio conferences, and real-time computer communications. A profile of DE students developed in 1988 indicated that, in general, they were over 26 years of age, highly motivated, goal-oriented, and unable to attend the traditional classroom setting. With respect to student outcomes, two studies on distance education from 1992 and 1993 found no significant difference in grade… [PDF]
(1996). Collaborative Lesson Plans. This collection consists of 41 collaborative lesson plans developed by 99 Virginia teachers at 18 primarily High Schools that Work (HSTW) and tech prep sites. It is divided into three sections: career connection, community connection, and consumer connection. Two types of lesson descriptions which support HSTW key practices, and Virginia's Tech Prep goals appear in each section. \Features\ detail the real-world connection, materials needed, activities, and evaluation method. \Ideas\ present a brief description of the activity. Career Connection lessons are as follows: An Account to Remember; Getting Down to Business; Safety First; Sound Check; The American Dream; Blood Typing; Flower Show; Growing, Growing, Grown; Here's Looking at You; Inch by Inch; Newsplash; Paper Planes; Raising the Roof; Shampoo Analysis; Tell Me a Story; and Wild News. Community Connection contains the following lessons: Exploring Culture through Weddings; How an Epidemic Spreads; La Fete de Mardi Gras; Mining… [PDF]
(1990). Young Unwed Fathers and Welfare Reform. Meeting Highlights and Background Briefing Report. Report of a Family Impact Seminar (Washington, D.C., November 18, 1988). This report contains highlights of a seminar which focused on young unwed fathers and welfare reform. Comments by these panelists are summarized: Rikki Baum, legislative assistant to Senator Patrick Moynihan; Linda Mellgren, from the Office of Income Security; and Margaret Boeckmann, Director of the Office of Employment Policy, Maryland Department of Human Resources. These topics, discussed at the seminar, are summarized: (1) the Family Support Act of 1988 which strenghthened child support enforcement, required states to use uniform guidelines for child support awards, and established the new Jobs Opportunity and Basic Skills (JOBS) program; (2) the implementation of the Act and how it could affect the population of unwed fathers; and (3) the experience of the Office of Employment Policy in Maryland in conducting a pilot absent parents employment program using state funds. A background briefing report is also included which contains facts about out-of-wedlock childbearing. Facts…
(1995). San Juan College Task Force on Innovation 1995 Report. In fall 1994, San Juan College, in New Mexico, established the Task Force on Innovation to examine changes in the paradigm of education and how those changes might affect the college. The Task Force determined that the primary driver of change in education was technology, and specifically the increasing number of means and ease of access to information. The Task Force also identified the following implications of these changes: (1) the role of educational institutions as time- and place-bound settings will change as distance learning brings increased educational opportunities; (2) the nature and expectations of customers will change as people become more sophisticated in the use of technology; (3) these changes will place a financial burden on institutions to keep pace with advances in hardware/software; (4) the role of faculty will also shift in focus from the delivery of content to value added through human contact, group interaction, discussion, and team learning; (5) faculty… [PDF]
(1993). Religion in the Social Studies Curriculum. ERIC Digest. This document discusses several aspects of teaching about religion in the public schools. While religion is an important element in many areas of literature, art, and music, the social studies, especially history and civics, provide the best opportunity for including religion in the curriculum. Teaching about religion in public schools is examined from the standpoint of the Constitution's First Amendment clauses regarding freedom of religion, and the prohibition against promotion of religion by government. While the court decisions do not answer all the questions about the role of religion in the public schools, it is clear that the Supreme Court has not prohibited teaching and learning about religion in social studies courses. It is essential that students be taught about religion in human affairs, because many crises throughout the world require an understanding of religious ideas and their impact on history and contemporary thought. Such concepts as nationalism, imperialism,… [PDF]
(1993). A Guide to Case Management for At-Risk Youth. 2nd Edition. A Technical Assistance and Training Series. This guide provides line practitioners, managers, and policy makers with an orientation to the essentials of "client-centered" case management serving young people who require assistance from a variety of service institutions. It focuses on implementation of case management within the context of the federal Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) and its amendments of 1992. The guide's 25 chapters are designed to help the reader do the following: define case management; analyze attitudes and behaviors that contribute to a relationship of trust and cooperation between a case manager and a young person; describe factors that must be present for a young person to be motivated to pursue his/her goals; define and handle assessment; assist young people in goal setting; help a youth solve a difficult problem; develop a service strategy; implement an individual service strategy; follow up on clients; facilitate client independence; understand the importance of formal,… [PDF]
(1991). Leadership: Practical Steps toward a Theory of Leadership. Steps toward a theory of leadership must blend needed change with appropriate strategies for implementation. Discussions of leadership must begin with the concept of empowerment, since all leaders are empowerers. The theory that drives empowerment is the theory of individual differences, here based on C. G. Jung's ideas of four main personality styles along dimensions of perception (sensation/intuition) and judgment (thinking/feeling). A starting place is for leaders to understand individual differences and personality styles. To be an empowerer, individual assets and liabilities must first be acknowledged, named, and accepted. The empowerer then needs to relate the powers and liabilities of each colleague to the requirements of the task to be completed. Next it is useful to understand the four ways a leader's power exercises itself, as a dimension of the four main personality styles. Attitudes toward conflict are affected by these personality styles, modified by attitudes of…
(1992). The Changing Role of Women in Twentieth Century Law Enforcement. A review of 44 studies and references on women in police work showed that for a long time women who had gained access to employment in law enforcement did so only in a very limited sense. It was not until the 1960s that women began to be assimilated fully into the ranks of patrol officers for the first time. With the passage of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the amended version in 1972, which included federal, state, and local governments, women finally gained access to jobs in the criminal justice system on equal ground with men. Many of the institutional barriers such as physical strength tests which had prevented women from gaining entrance into law enforcement were eliminated in the 1970s. The slow progression of women's integration into law enforcement may be explained by the fact that administrators have been slow to adapt to structural changes in how law enforcement interacts with society in general. The entrenched belief that superior physical strength is… [PDF]
(1991). Selected Amendments Enacted Since 1980 To Control Guaranteed Student Loan Defaults. CRS Report for Congress. Congress, over the past decade, has enacted a number of laws with provisions aimed at preventing defaults and improving collections on defaulted student loans. This report presents a synopsis of legislative provisions enacted to combat student loan defaults beginning with the Education Amendments of 1980. The laws included in the report are: Education Amendments of 1980, P.L. 96-374; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, P.L. 97-35; Student Financial Assistance Technical Amendments of 1982, P.L. 97-301; Student Loan Consolidation and Technical Amendments Act of 1983,, P.L. 98-79; Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, P.L. 98-369; Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation of 1986 (COBRA), P.L. 99-272, as amended; Higher Education Amendments of 1986, P.L. 99-498; Family Support Act of 1988, P.L. 100-485; An Act to Amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to Prevent Abuses in the Supplemental Loans for Students Program under Part B of Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for… [PDF]
(1986). In the Name of Peace. United States President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev have strongly emphasized in several speeches that their ultimate goal is peace between their respective nations. However, this apparent shared goal has not come about, largely because they lack a common understanding of the meaning of peace. Both have stated that they wish for the elimination of all nuclear weapons some day, but Gorbachev contends that the United States disrupts chances for "fairness and equality" with plans for developing the Strategic Defense Initiative, or Star Wars defense system. Reagan believes that the Soviets interfere with peace initiatives by "interfering in regional conflicts," such as Afghanistan. Hence, their opinions of what will bring about peace are entirely different. More importantly, when Reagan discusses peace, he uses words such as honor, human dignity, faith, courage, and love–essentially, freedom from control. Gorbachev discusses peace as freedom to…
(1987). The Dangerous Exception to Protection for Opinion. Since the 1974 Supreme Court dicta in "Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.," many courts have held that statement of opinion is constitutionally protected. However, statements that appear to be opinion based on undisclosed facts or knowledge not generally known to the public can be an exception. For instance, courts have protected specific unfavorable restaurant and book reviews, but refused to protect as opinion a statement by the owner of a baseball team, reported in a newspaper, that the club's former general manager was a "despicable human being." This presents a problem for the media, which may be impeded in debating issues of public concern for fear that the opinions they publish, which had formerly been protected under fair comment, may not be qualified for legal protection. The Restatement of Torts in 1977 attempted to distinguish between "pure" and "mixed" opinions, and a later torts hornbook posited… [PDF]
(1987). Divorce: The Impact on Children and Families. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session (June 19, 1986). This document contains witness testimonies and prepared statements from the Congressional hearing called to examine the impact of divorce on children and families. Opening statements are included from Congressmen George Miller, Dan Coats, and Thomas Bliley. Witnesses providing testimony include: (1) Laurie Dixon, managing editor of "The Pitch" and student at Walter Johnson High School in Bethesda, Maryland; (2) Judith S. Wallerstein, executive director of the Center for the Family in Transition, Corte Madera, California; (3) Gene H. Brody, codirector of the Program for the Study of Competence in Children and Families; (4) Neil Kalter, associate professor, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; (5) Nancy D. Polikoff, director, Child Custody and Child Support Projects, Women's Legal Defense Fund; (6) David L. Levy, president, National Council for Children's Rights; (7) Lenore J. Weitzman, associate professor of sociology, Stanford…
(1987). Surreptitious Taping: The Arguments for and the Ethics against. Much discussion within media ethics has focused on the acceptability of surreptitious tape recording of news sources by media professionals. The most common legal and social arguments supporting secret taping assert that recorders "hear" and "remember" better, are expedient and practical, protect against libel suits, provide historical documentation, and are legal in 78% of the United States. In "Nieman Reports," a prime example of the justificatory rhetoric emerging in the media professionals' journals, Theodore L. Glasser argues that secret taping does not invade privacy, is not necessarily antidemocratic or dangerous, and is different from wire-tapping and entrapment. However, deeper questions about interviewing are raised by the negative arguments, which claim that secret taping: (1) preserves greater intimacy between source and reporters than is assumed by the source; (2) forfeits a source's confidentiality and right to speak "off the… [PDF]
(1983). Parental Kidnaping. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session to Examine Available and Proposed Means to Resolve the Cases of Interstate and International Parental Kidnaping. Serial No. J-98-43. This document contains public testimony, prepared statements, and letters from the Congressional hearing on parental kidnaping. Following an opening statement by the committee chairman, Senator Arlen Specter, public testimony is given by representatives of the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice, the Criminal Investigative Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Office of Child Support Enforcement of the Office of Health and Human Services, the Office of the Legal Advisor of United States Department of State, the Milwaukee Municipal Courts, and the Alexandria, Virginia Police Department. Topics which are covered include interstate and international parental kidnaping, legislation, litigation, psychological needs of parents and children, the Hague Conference on Private International Law, and Operation Fingerprint. The text of Public Law 96-611 (of which the Parental Kidnaping Prevention Act of 1980 is a part) is presented, followed by the brief of the Lyons… [PDF]
(1983). Vocational-Technical Education Act of 1983. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session on H.R. 4164 (November 1-3, 9, 1983). This document contains four Congressional hearings on H.R. 4164, the Vocational-Technical Education Act of 1983, to strengthen and expand the economic base of the Nation, develop human resources, reduce structural unemployment, increase productivity, and strengthen the Nation's defense capabilities by assisting the States to expand, improve, and update high-quality programs of vocational-technical education, and for other purposes. Witnesses provide recommendations, reactions, improvements, and suggestions relating to this bill, highlights of which include the focus on updating vocational education programs, the emphasis on high technology training programs operated in conjunction with industry, and the new authorizations for youth with special needs, adult training and retraining, and vocational guidance and counseling. The text of H.R. 4164 appears first. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, letters, and supplemental materials from individuals representing the… [PDF]