(1981). Families at Work: Strengths and Strains. The General Mills American Family Report 1980-81. Fourth in a series of studies on the American family conducted for General Mills Corporation, this publication provides findings from a survey exploring the relationship between work and the family in contemporary society. Specifically, the survey explores how changes in the work force, especially the increase in numbers of working wives and mothers, influence the outlook and activities of families. Conversely, the survey looks at how changes in the family structure shape the needs and expectations of today's workers. The survey is based on telephone interviews, conducted between November and December, 1980, with six different groups: 1503 adults (ages 18 and over) from a national cross-section of American families; 235 teenagers (ages 13-18); 104 human resource executives from the Fortune 1300 companies; 56 labor leaders; 49 family traditionalists (active in the \pro-family\ movement); and 52 feminists (active in key women's rights organizations). Results are discussed in terms of…
(1981). Ethics in Higher Education. The Third Earl V. Pullias Lecture in Higher and Postsecondary Education. Issues of ethics in higher education, along with a broad overview on the field of ethics, are considered. Ethical concerns include: charges of unfair practices in the recruitment of college students, especially minority athletes; reducing admission requirements to the extent that classroom and even graduation standards may deteriorate; grade inflation; student dishonesty in taking tests and writing papers; student charges that they are being neglected by their professors; the development of standards for freedom of information, sunshine legislation, in contrast to the right of privacy; and the establishment of rules to limit the time full-time faculty members can spend in consultation. Methods or sanctions that have been used to control these practices include: passing affirmative action laws in regard to employment; passing laws to provide ramps to increase access of the disabled to classrooms and offices; maintaining faculty records; monitoring research on human subjects; and…
(1976). The Indians of the Subarctic, A Critical Bibliography. The present volume is a strong reminder that culture areas exist in their own right, sprawling across national or tribal territories, and that the range of culture includes more than survival traits. The Indians of the Subarctic have adapted to a physical habitat that imposes taxation in terms of time and energy far beyond the demands of most national governments, but they have preserved universal human qualities of thought and feeling as they found their particular species niche in the natural habitat. Ethnology here must stay within the narrow bounds set by ecology, yet even within so strict a compass there is variation and imagination. This bibliography cites 272 sources and studies in an essay format. The essay is organized by subheadings: basic reference works (identifications and classifications); major ethnographies; prehistory; histories and historical materials; Indian accounts and personal histories; contemporary conditions; Native newsletters and newspapers; traditional…
(2001). Practical Tips for Effective Career Discussions at Work. NICEC Guide. This guide draws on findings of research that explored key features of effective career discussions at work in major employing organizations in the United Kingdom. Intended for employees and the wide range of people positioned to offer advice and support on career development, it presents practical tips for these "receivers" and "givers" of career support and ideas on how to encourage effective career discussions. Tips are categorized into four steps, with tips for givers appearing separately from tips from receivers. The left column has tips for givers, the right for receivers. Step 1, setting up the discussion, covers individual responsibility for career, awareness of human resources systems, and preparation. Step 2, establishing trust, addresses agreeing a contract, listening and empathy, and questioning and probing. Step 3, sharing information, discusses information about self and situation, exploring pros and cons of options, questioning and probing, and…
(1989). Student Athlete Right-To-Know Act. Report Together with Minority Views. One Hundred First Congress. First Session. Senate Bill 580, the Student Athlete Right-to-Know Act, requires institutions of higher education receiving Federal financial assistance to provide certain information concerning graduation rates of student-athletes. The report from the Committee on Labor and Human Resources recommends (by a 15-1 vote) to the full Senate that the Bill be passed as amended. It presents the amendment in full and information on the history of the legislation, background and need for the legislation, major provisions of the Bill, votes in committee, cost estimate, the regulatory impact statement, a section-by-section analysis, and a minority view. Justification for the Bill is seen in the poor graduation rate for most student athletes and the small probability that a given student athlete will go on to a professional athletic career. The Bill will require institutions of higher education to report the following: the number of students at the institution, the number of students receiving athletically… [PDF]
(1984). Project to Study Fair-Hearings Practices in Child Protective Services. Final Report: Innovations in Protective Services, September 1, 1982 through August 31, 1984. This project was implemented in 1982 as a result of legal action taken against the Texas Department of Human Resources (DHR) by clients of child protective services (CPS) who alleged that they were not given notice of all services available or of their right to a fair hearing. The goal of the project was to determine whether special fair-hearing policies and practices should be offered to clients, and, if so, how and when. This final report presents a process evaluation of the two-year project's progress toward meeting this goal, describes the methodology used, and concludes that fair hearings should be offered. Major issues addressed by the project, resolutions of these issues, and recommendations about implementing a fair-hearings procedure (Informal Panel Review–IPR) are outlined. The IPR's distinctive features, structure, and function are also outlined. Information about the IPR was distributed to CPS clients in two regions of the state. Structured observations of five IPRs,…
(1983). Beyond Women's Studies: A Program in Gender Identity and Roles at the University of Akron. Created to appeal to the conservative, older, part-time students that make up the school community, the Gender Program at the University of Akron represents a successful effort to broaden the base and impact of women's studies. Developed by a faculty-student committee over 3 years and instituted as an interdisciplinary certificate program in 1981, the curriculum now involves about 10 percent of the student body. Requirements include an introductory course on gender perspectives and either a field placement in an agency such as Planned Parenthood or a practical project. Past projects have ranged from observations of sex roles in Australia to the establishment of the Campus Campaign for Reproductive Rights. Students also choose from a wide variety of interdisciplinary electives such as Biology of Behavior, Sociology of Sex Roles, Human Sexuality, Fatherhood, and Parent Roles, as well as more conventional women's studies courses. While the program has been weakened by failure to…
(1980). Voices for Women. 1980 Report of the President's Advisory Committee for Women. This report presents the recommendations of the President's Advisory Committee for Women, a blueprint for action to complete the unfinished business of bringing equality and fair treatment to the women of the United States. The report is divided into six chapters. Chapter I describes the Committee's mandate, its tasks, and the process that led ultimately to this report. Chapter II presents an overview of the legislative history of The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), sets forth reasons why the ERA is needed, describes recent Federal initiatives, and lists recommendations. Chapters III through IV cover the most critical issues in each of the broad areas of the Committee's agenda: Education, Health, Human Services, and Work and Income Security. Each of these chapters contains an overview of the major issues in the field and a report of what was said about them at the hearings. Issues selected for inclusion were those most frequently raised at the hearings. At the end of the discussion on… [PDF]
(1981). A Project to Improve Secondary Social Studies Instruction: An Overview of Critical Thinking Skills (Introduction to Social Inquiry, Ethical Development, & Civic Competence). The secondary social studies lessons in this publication are intended to help teachers improve instruction. Lessons are provided for the curriculum areas of social inquiry, ethical development, and civic competence. In the social inquiry lessons, students learn to describe and explain human behavior. In the ethical development lessons, students reason about what is morally right or wrong for an individual person to do. The concern of the civic competence lessons is with the formulation of a policy and law for the society as a whole. For each curriculum area there is an introduction, sample topics and focus questions, and an explanation of the thinking skills emphasized in the lessons. For each thinking skill, there are exercises for practice. Formulating and testing hypotheses are the major critical-thinking skills taught in the social inquiry lessons. The critical-thinking skills taught in the ethical development and civic competence lessons are giving reasons for value positions… [PDF]
(1994). School-to-Work Transition and High Performance: The German Approach. Paper No. 44. Job training is a powerful tool for growth, but only if embedded in a climate of pro-growth policies that it complements. To attract capital to create growth and jobs, a country has to offer favorable supply side conditions. A skilled labor force is one of several important supply side categories, whose growth effects are strongest when the other supply side conditions are favorable as well. Four reasons for paying special attention to human capital are as follows: trying to be as good as the best; higher wages justified by higher productivity; capital-intensive, labor-saving, technology-intensive production processes that require highly skilled labor; and an educational continuum for those willing to work for lower wages and the academically trained high achievers and everyone in between. German vocational training is a mass apprenticeship system run by the private sector within a public-private partnership. Trainees in all sectors of the economy usually begin training right after… [PDF]
(2000). Risk Management of Digital Information: A File Format Investigation. Given the right hardware and software, digital information is easy to create, copy, and disseminate; however it is very hard to preserve. At present, it is impossible to guarantee the longevity and legibility of digital information for even one human generation. Migration can be defined as the periodic transfer of digital materials from one hardware/software configuration to another or from one generation of computer technology to a subsequent generation. In 1998, the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) asked the Cornell University Library to undertake a risk assessment of migrating a handful of common file formats. This report is the fruit of their investigation. It is intended to be a practical guide to assessing the risks associated with the migration of various formats and to making sound preservation decisions on the basis of that assessment. The paper starts from the premise that migration is prone to generating errors and provides practical tools to quantify… [PDF]
(2003). Colonization within the University System. American Indian Quarterly, v27 n1-2 p196-199 Win-Spr. In this essay, the author provides a word of caution to those in the social sciences where, in the name of "objective science," it becomes easy to render humans into objects. Anthropology, one of the social sciences, has often been referred to as a tool of colonization. The discipline's approach of seeing small communities as laboratories for "scientific" cultural observation has in many instances put Native people in the position of becoming objects of research. Over the years the methods and approaches have changed, but often the mandate is the same: to obtain information from Native people in any manner possible in order to enhance one's career. The author contends that members of the aboriginal community must be aware and informed as to why research is undertaken, how it is performed, and what potential impacts the research will have upon their lives and the communities to which they belong. They also need to exercise their right to say "no" to… [Direct]
(2021). London, Race and Territories: Young People's Stories of a Divided City. London Review of Education, v19 n1. This article examines the relationships between children's everyday lives and geographical education. Drawing on research with five young people in London, the article examines their narratives, analysed as relating to race and territory, critically considering the relationships between children's geographies and the geographies of race and racism in schools. Following hooks, the article begins with the argument that there is value in 'teaching to transgress' to challenge both legacies of imperialism in geography and education, and the inequalities and injustices that many children face. Following this, the article introduces the research, drawing on Aitken to argue the importance of consideration of children's voice, presence and rights in (geographical) education, before sharing the narratives of the young people. The article concludes by arguing for a reconceptualization of how 'the child' is constructed, and valued, in education…. [PDF]
(2021). Varieties of State Commitment to Higher Education since 1945: Toward a Comparative-Historical Social Science of Postsecondary Expansion. European Journal of Higher Education, v11 n3 p219-238. We provide a framework for integrating sociological and political-historical approaches to the worldwide expansion of higher education in the twentieth century. Doing so enables scholars and policymakers to better identify variation across place and time in how the provision of higher education has been rendered culturally meaningful and politically feasible. We identify three conceptions of state commitment to higher education: as a national asset, a citizen right, and a commodity. The conceptions are not mutually exclusive and can simultaneously animate national cultures and politics. We also suggest a novel periodization of global higher education history from 1945 to the present. Our work serves as an introduction to the seven other articles in this special issue, which consider the twentieth-century evolution of higher education politics and policies in Canada, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and USSR/Russia…. [Direct]
(2017). Teaching the Holocaust as a Cautionary Tale. Social Studies, v108 n4 p129-135. Teaching about the Holocaust as an atrocity of the 1940s misleads students into thinking that it is a genocide occurred, that the world agreed "Never Again," and that the United Nations would prevent future genocides. With genocides in Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Syria occurring in the years since the Holocaust, teachers need to use the Holocaust as a vehicle for teaching about and preventing future genocides. Five main points need to be taught to students, all of which can be shown in the Holocaust and other genocides, specifically: (1) the meaning of genocide and problems surrounding its early identification; (2) the idea that governments are not always ethical or moral; (3) the effectiveness of propaganda; (4) dehumanization; and (5) using one's voice to stand up against injustice…. [Direct]