(2011). Black Students and Mathematics Achievement: A Mixed-Method Analysis of In-School and Out-of-School Factors Shaping Student Success. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington. Achievement gap language has become associated with the observed disparities on a number of educational measures between the academic performances of Black and White students. This theoretical lens is problematic because it sends an unintended message that Black students are not worthy of study in their own right. Using a mixed-methodological approach, this study aimed to respond to the call of math educator Gutierrez (2008) who urges education researchers to \move away from gap gazing and toward more contextualized and intervention studies\ (p. 362). Chapter 2 offers a socio-historical perspective to illuminate the evidence of Blacks' limited access both to mathematics as a discipline of study and a career path. A gap in the literature on the history of math education of Blacks exists, thus Tolley's (2003) seminal study on the factors that influenced the study of math and science for European girls (1840s to 1950s) is used to generate hypotheses about what factors might contribute… [Direct]
(2011). Color in the Classroom: How American Schools Taught Race, 1900-1954. Oxford University Press Between the turn of the twentieth century and the "Brown v. Board of Education" decision in 1954, the way that American schools taught about "race" changed dramatically. This transformation was engineered by the nation's most prominent anthropologists, including Franz Boas, Ruth Benedict, and Margaret Mead, during World War II. Inspired by scientific racism in Nazi Germany, these activist scholars decided that the best way to fight racial prejudice was to teach what they saw as the truth about race in the institution that had the power to do the most good-American schools. Anthropologists created lesson plans, lectures, courses, and pamphlets designed to revise what they called "the "race" concept" in American education. They believed that if teachers presented race in scientific and egalitarian terms, conveying human diversity as learned habits of culture rather than innate characteristics, American citizens would become less racist. Although… [Direct]
(2009). Posterior Beta and Anterior Gamma Oscillations Predict Cognitive Insight. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, v21 n7 p1269-1279 Jul. Pioneering neuroimaging studies on insight have revealed neural correlates of the emotional \Aha!\ component of the insight process, but neural substrates of the cognitive component, such as problem restructuring (a key to transformative reasoning), remain a mystery. Here, multivariate electroencephalogram signals were recorded from human participants while they solved verbal puzzles that could create a small-scale experience of cognitive insight. Individuals responded as soon as they reached a solution and provided a rating of subjective insight. For unsolved puzzles, hints were provided after 60 to 90 sec. Spatio-temporal signatures of brain oscillations were analyzed using Morlet wavelet transform followed by exploratory parallel-factor analysis. A consistent reduction in beta power (15-25 Hz) was found over the parieto-occipital and centro-temporal electrode regions on all four conditions–(a) correct (vs. incorrect) solutions, (b) solutions without (vs. with) external hint, (c)… [Direct]
(2009). Induced Alpha-Band Oscillations Reflect Ratio-Dependent Number Discrimination in the Infant Brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, v21 n12 p2398-2406 Dec. Behavioral studies show that infants are capable of discriminating the number of objects or events in their environment, while also suggesting that number discrimination in infancy may be ratio-dependent. However, due to limitations of the dependent measures used with infant behavioral studies, the evidence for ratio dependence falls short of the vast psychophysical datasets that have established ratio dependence, and thus, adherence to Weber's Law in adults and nonhuman animals. We addressed this issue in two experiments that presented 7-month-old infants with familiar and novel numerosities while electroencephalogram measures of their brain activity were recorded. These data provide convergent evidence that the brains of 7-month-old infants detected numerical novelty. Alpha-band and theta-band oscillations both differed for novel and familiar numerical values. Most importantly, spectral power in the alpha band over midline and right posterior scalp sites was modulated by the ratio… [Direct]
(2009). Pursuit of Social Justice in Situations of Conflict. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, n123 p65-74 Fall. "Fairness" and "justice" are, according to Gallie (1964), essentially contested concepts–concepts for which there are common understandings in the abstract, but disagreements over the application of these concepts to specific instances. Contested terms are often critical in ethical dilemmas–those times when practitioners are faced with choices based on their interpretation of what is fair or what is just. The determination of what constitutes "social justice," what is fair or reasonable in human interactions, is always contextual and involves weighing the interests of self, others, and the social order. The concept of "order" is itself contested, representing social arrangements that benefit some more than others. It is in this situational quagmire that practitioners struggle for definitions of justice. As the author thinks of his experiences as an adult educator committed to issues of social justice and fairness, many examples come to mind… [Direct]
(1996). Human Factors in High-Tech Writing: Targeting the Right Tool for Professional Development. Business Communication Quarterly, v59 n3 p56-64 Sep. Presents a method, based on a human factors approach, for helping individuals choose training in a new text technology that suits them. Offers a self-assessment questionnaire ranking preferences among firms, industries, techniques, roles, purposes for writing; then matches those preferences to typical expectations for each of several new text technologies. (SR)…
(1997). The Right to be Human: Deinstitutionalization and Wishes of People with Developmental Disabilities. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, v32 n2 p77-84 Jun. People with developmental disabilities (n=781) living in institutional and community residential placements were asked what they would wish for if they had one wish. Results indicated individuals in state schools wished for more material goods and were more likely to want to move; wishes varied greatly by residential placement; and wish patterns may provide insight into the effects of deinstitutionalization. (CR)…
(2007). Walking the Diversity Compliance Tightrope: Maintaining the Balance between Enforcement and Equity. Forum on Public Policy Online, v2007 n1 Win. Many federal laws, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, have enabled women and minorities access to the workplace. These same laws have mandated that employers prevent discrimination against women and minorities, yet when employers utilize various strategies for eliminating discrimination in the workplace, they have found themselves faced with litigation for their efforts. For example, human resource managers have been struggling with finding ways to prevent and eliminate sexual harassment and one solution has been to require their employees to sign no-fraternization agreements. Unfortunately, rather than solving the problem, the employer has compounded the problem since it is quite common for employers to punish female violators of the policy while no action is taken against male violators. This paper will examine some unique diversity compliance issues and problems that have arisen in the workplace and how human resource managers should respond to these situations…. [PDF]
(1981). Making HRD Impact. Training and Development Journal, v35 n3 p54-55,57-58,60-61 Mar. Clarifies three basic causes of the success of human resource development functions from an internal marketing perspective. They are functions actively rendering services in the right "client segments" of their organization; functions doing a few important tasks well; and doing those right things consistently. (CT)…
(2001). Performance Consulting: Job Aids for Interacting with Clients. Performance Improvement, v40 n1 p28-31 Jan. Discussion of the human performance technology process focuses on interacting with clients. Describes a seven-step process that includes assessment; a performance consulting guide that explains the leadership process used in interacting with clients; and how to ask the right questions in the right order. (LRW)…
(1974). The Rights Of Children. Teacher, 92, 4, 26-7,74, Dec 74. Article suggested that educators keep up to date on children's rights, both the legal and human ones. (Editor/RK)…
(2006). On "The More National, the More International" in a Perspective of Educational Research. Frontiers of Education in China, v1 n3 p391-401 Sep. The proposition of "the more national, the more international", when applied to education, is not absolutely right. Given education, educational research and the modernization of educational research, these can be more international only when their essence represents, reflects or implies the trend of human education and educational research. Otherwise, it would not be the case…. [Direct]
(2010). Errors Recruit both Cognitive and Emotional Monitoring Systems: Simultaneous Intracranial Recordings in the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Amygdala Combined with fMRI. Neuropsychologia, v48 n4 p1144-1159 Mar. We studied error monitoring in a human patient with unique implantation of depth electrodes in both the left dorsal cingulate gyrus and medial temporal lobe prior to surgery. The patient performed a speeded go/nogo task and made a substantial number of commission errors (false alarms). As predicted, intracranial Local Field Potentials (iLFPs) in dorsal anterior cingulate indexed the detection of errors, showing an early differential activity around motor execution for false alarms, relative to correct responses (either hits or correct inhibitions). More surprisingly, we found that the left amygdala also participated to error monitoring (although no emotional stimuli were used), but with a very different neurophysiological profile as compared with the dorsal cingulate cortex. Amygdala iLFPs showed a precise and reproducible temporal unfolding, characterized by an early monophasic response for correct hits around motor execution, which was delayed by approximately 300 ms for errors… [Direct]
(2010). Social Skills and Social Values Training for Future K-Workers. Journal of European Industrial Training, v34 n3 p226-258. Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of acquisition of knowledge on social skills and social values by trainers of institutes and coaches of industries in training of trainers (ToT) programmes. It has been ascertained that social skills and social values can and must be taught to apprentices to enhance their employability skills as well as to remove any barriers for upward mobility in their careers. Design/methodology/approach: A four-day ToT-cum-workshop was organized using "hands-on" experiential outdoor learning activities with lots of interactions, discussions and reflections between participants and participants, and between participants and facilitators. A retrospective post- then-pre-evaluation design was employed to determine the amount of knowledge acquired by the participants using a four point Likert-type statements. Using the "Handbook of Social Skills and Social Values" as a guide, eight core social skills and eight core… [Direct]
(2010). Generation Crunch. Adults Learning, v21 n6 p13 Feb. The graduate class of 2009 is entering a particularly challenging labour market. The Association of Graduate Recruiters reported in July that graduate vacancies had plummeted by a quarter and that an average of 48 applicants were competing for each available job. The class of 2009 is also the first to have paid up to 3,225 British Pounds in top-up fees for each year of study. It is not surprising that recent graduates have been described by some in the media as "Generation Crunch". The Government's response has been to unveil a package of measures including the Graduate Talent Pool internship programme and funding to support 10,000 internships in small and micro businesses in partnership with the Federation of Small Businesses. While these measures are to be welcomed, ultimately, the fate of Generation Crunch will be determined by the demand for their services from employers. It is essential that government interventions aimed at stimulating the demand for "Generation… [Direct]