(1992). The Technology of Human Editing (The Friendly Editor). Technical Communication, v39 n1 p115-16 Feb. Contrasts robotic editing with human editing (discussing descriptive grammar, periodic sentences, theme-rheme concept, right-branching, zeugma, and Irish bulls). Maintains that, for any editing that requires thinking, humans are always superior. (SR)…
(2007). International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs, 2007-2008. Science Service This publication presents changes and modifications for 2007-2008 to the \International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs.\ It is written to guide fair directors, teachers, scientists, parents, and adult volunteers as they pursue their work of encouraging students to explore and investigate their world through hands-on research. Change categories include: (1) Human Subjects; (2) Vertebrate Animals; (3) Potentially Hazardous Biological Agents; (4) Hazardous Chemicals, Activities or Devices; and (5) Form Changes. In addition to providing the rules of competition, these rules and guidelines for conducting research were developed with the intent to do the following: (1) protect the rights and welfare of the student researcher and human subjects; (2) protect the health and well-being of vertebrate animal subjects; (3) follow federal regulations governing research; (4) offer guidance to affiliated fairs; (5) use safe laboratory practices;… [Direct]
(2006). A Comparison of Event-Related Potentials of Humans and Rats Elicited by a Serial Feature-Positive Discrimination Task. Learning and Motivation, v37 n3 p269-288 Aug. The purpose of this experiment was to compare components of the human and rat auditory event-related potential (ERP) in a serial feature-positive discrimination task. Subjects learned to respond to an auditory target stimulus when it followed a visual feature (X [right arrow] A+), but to not respond when it was presented alone (A-). Upon solving the task, the N2 component, which has been suggested to reflect the activation of inhibitory processes, was temporarily more negative in response to the target on A- than on X [right arrow] A+ trials in both species. However, whereas a P3 component was present in the human participants, this component was absent in the rats. In both species, the amplitude of several ERP components, including the N2, decreased in the course of training. These results are discussed in the framework of contemporary models of associative learning…. [Direct]
(2008). Neuromythologies in Education. Educational Research, v50 n2 p123-133 Jun. Background: Many popular educational programmes claim to be \brain-based\, despite pleas from the neuroscience community that these neuromyths do not have a basis in scientific evidence about the brain. Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to examine several of the most popular neuromyths in the light of the relevant neuroscientific and educational evidence. Examples of neuromyths include: 10% brain usage, left- and right-brained thinking, VAK (visual, auditory and kinaesthetic) learning styles and multiple intelligences. Sources of evidence: The basis for the argument put forward includes a literature review of relevant cognitive neuroscientific studies, often involving neuroimaging, together with several comprehensive education reviews of the brain-based approaches under scrutiny. Main argument: The main elements of the argument are as follows. We use most of our brains most of the time, not some restricted 10% brain usage. This is because our brains are densely interconnected,… [Direct]
(2008). Institutional Review Boards (IRBs): What Are They, and Why Are They Important? Part 7 in a Series on Practical Evaluation Methods. Research-to-Results Brief. Publication #2008-09. Child Trends Many out-of-school time programs conduct evaluations. As part of an evaluation, program participants (including children, their parents, and program staff) may be asked to provide information. Researchers refer to these individuals as \human subjects,\ and it is essential to protect their privacy, rights, confidentiality, and privileges. Organizations conducting research work with institutional review boards (IRBs) to ensure these protections. As it is, many out-of-school programs have conducted small-scale informal evaluations without prior approval from an IRB because the programs may have lacked information about IRB approval or awareness about these issues. This brief intends to allay the fears or concerns that out-of-school time program practitioners may have about the IRB review process by discussing the importance of IRBs and providing guidelines for their use in out-of-school program research. (Contains 1 table and 14 notes.) [For Part 6 in this series, see ED499690.]… [Direct]
(2007). Implementation of the Commonwealth Teacher Recruitment Protocol: Considering the Education Systems and Context. Perspectives in Education, v25 n2 p15-24 Jun. The Commonwealth Teacher Recruitment Protocol (CTRP), adopted by Commonwealth member states in 2004, \aims to balance the rights of teachers to migrate internationally, on a temporary or permanent basis, against the need to protect the integrity of national education systems, and to prevent the exploitation of the scarce human resources of poorer countries\. In doing so it addresses the rights and responsibilities of recruiting countries, source countries, and recruited teachers. The first section reviews the international context of teacher migration, and discusses the global phenomenon of teacher loss. Second, the article revisits the action items of the CTRP with respect to the education system and suggests further points for discussion and research in support of international implementation and compliance. Third, the article revisits a framework that conceives an education system in six foci: (1) guiding philosophy or ideology; (2) ambitions / goals; (3) strategies; (4) enabling… [Direct]
(2004). Truth Revealed: New Scientific Discoveries Regarding Mercury in Medicine and Autism. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and Wellness of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Second Session (September 8, 2004) Serial No. 108-262. US House of Representatives This purpose of this hearing was to discuss the latest scientific research regarding the use of mercury in medicine in the United States and the possible connection between these products and autism spectrum disorders. The subcommittee also discusses the need for further research to determine the biological basis of autism and how the Federal Government is working to decrease the occurrences of this health epidemic in the United States. Representative Dan Burton and chairman of the committee begins the hearing by explaining that mercury has been present in medicines dispersed widely to the public for decades. Unknown to most Americans, mercury is still present in medicines that we use every day, including eye drops, nasal spray, as well as many anti-fungal and anti-itch creams, as well as vaccines. While the pharmaceutical industry has found new ways to manufacture many medicines and vaccinations that do not require the use of mercury, three vaccines that currently remain on the… [PDF]
(2012). Internationalization of an African University in the Post-Colonial Era: A Case Study of the University of Nairobi. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Kentucky. This case study uses post-colonial and dependency theoretical lenses to investigate the forces influencing policy, procedures, and participation in international activity in the post-colonial African university environment of Kenya's first national public university-the University of Nairobi (UoN). The research addresses (1) the approaches and strategies adopted by UoN to engage in international activity; (2) the changes that have taken place over time in international activity engagement at UoN since the attainment of political independence by the Republic of Kenya; and (3) the rationales driving participation in international activity. This investigation included library research, document analysis, multiple campus visits, and 20 formal interviews with the faculty and administrators of the University of Nairobi, Kenya. I argue that even though the University of Nairobi now exhibits some degree of agency in her international engagement as an independent post-colonial African… [Direct]
(2012). Competing Goodness: Perceptions of Person-Centered Culture Change within Human Service Agencies. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, California Institute of Integral Studies. Front and center in the endeavor to "reform" health care is the appeal to change the culture of aging within provider organizations situated in the long-term care continuum. Person-centeredness is the latest philosophical overlay to aging care and supports and services. As a dominate paradigm guiding change, the movement intends to shift the provider-driven medical model towards a consumer-driven social model that embraces flexibility and self-determination. Common referred to as the culture change movement, this change intends to foster a culture of aging that upholds the rights of older adults and people with disabilities to live in the setting of choice and remain connected to the community. This interpretive study focused on a group of regional planning and service areas (PSAs) that are implementing change to become a culture of services that is value-based, flexible, and consumer-determined; familiarized as a person-centered approach to supports and services. The goal… [Direct]
(2012). A Systemic Approach: The Ultimate Choice for Gifted Education. High Ability Studies, v23 n1 p113-114. In \Towards a systemic theory of gifted education,\ A. Ziegler and S.N. Phillipson have proposed a systemic approach to gifted education. For this approach, they built a model that they call an \actiotope\ model. As they explained in the article, an actiotope consists of the acting individual and the environment with which he or she interacts. The model includes four necessary elements: (1) action repertoire; (2) goals; (3) environment; and (4) subjective action space. These elements are interdependent with each other, co-evolving to reach a dynamic equilibrium. Here, the actiotope model describes all the factors a perfect system needs to work well. In current studies of giftedness, it has heretofore been difficult to find a theory that takes all these factors into account and builds up a perfect framework for developing giftedness. Most researchers focus on either cognitive or non-cognitive abilities. After many years of research and education experiments, however, researchers and… [Direct]
(2012). It's Not so Easy: The Completion Agenda and the States. Liberal Education, v98 n1 p34-39 Win. The completion agenda (also referred to as the "reform" movement) is focused mainly on state policy leaders, governors, legislators, and boards of higher education. Complete College America (CCA), a national nonprofit organization established in 2009 to increase educational attainment in the United States, is the standard bearer of the completion agenda. At the core of CCA's strategy is a proposed shift to state-level performance funding: "Funding should shift from simply rewarding enrollment to valuing outcomes, such as credentials awarded or classes successfully completed. Funding is a powerful incentive, and rewarding performance allows states to align their fiscal policies with statewide goals for workforce development and economic prosperity." The strategy would be more accurately described as "pressure-punitive funding," because it is designed to force institutions to change and punish them if they do not. CCA's premise is that colleges and… [Direct]
(1992). Children's Rights Regarding Physical Abuse. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, v31 n2 p73-83 Dec. Sees children's rights as important arena in struggle for human dignity. Asserts that flagrant violation of rights of the child occurs when he or she is abused by a parent or caretaker. Explains children's rights with regard to physical abuse, outlines various definitions of abuse, and discusses the incidence and consequences of child abuse. Offers prescriptions for action. (Author/NB)…
(2008). Changes in Connectivity after Visual Cortical Brain Damage Underlie Altered Visual Function. Brain, v131 n6 p1433-1444. The full extent of the brain's ability to compensate for damage or changed experience is yet to be established. One question particularly important for evaluating and understanding rehabilitation following brain damage is whether recovery involves new and aberrant neural connections or whether any change in function is due to the functional recruitment of existing pathways, or both. Blindsight, a condition in which subjects with complete destruction of part of striate cortex (V1) retain extensive visual capacities within the clinically blind field, is an excellent example of altered visual function. Since the main pathway to the visual cortex is destroyed, the spared or recovered visual ability must arise from either an existing alternative pathway, or the formation of a new pathway. Using diffusion-weighted MRI, we show that both controls and blindsight subject GY, whose left V1 is destroyed, show an ipsilateral pathway between LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) and human motion area… [Direct]
(1984). Bioethical Problems: Animal Welfare, Animal Rights. BioScience, v34 n10 p615-20 Nov. Discusses various bioethical issues and problems related to animal welfare and animal rights. Areas examined include: Aristotelian views; animal welfare legislation; Darwin and evolutionary theory; animal and human behavior; and vegetarianism. A 14-point universal declaration of the rights of animals is included. (JN)…
(2011). School Food Politics: The Complex Ecology of Hunger and Feeding in Schools around the World. Global Studies in Education, Volume 6. Peter Lang New York The essays in "School Food Politics" explore the intersections of food and politics on all six of the inhabited continents of the world. Including electoral fights over universally free school meals in Korea, nutritional reforms to school dinners in England and canteens in Australia, teachers' and doctors' work on school feeding in Argentina, and more, the volume provides key illustrations of the many contexts that have witnessed intense struggles defining which children will eat; why; what and how they are served; and who will pay for and prepare the food. Contributors include reformers writing from their own perspectives, from the farm-to-school program in Burlington, Vermont, to efforts to apply principles of critical pedagogy in cooking programs for urban teens, to animal rights curriculum. Later chapters shift their focus to possibilities and hope for a different future for school food, one that is friendlier to students, lunch ladies, society, other creatures, and the… [Direct]