(2018). H√∂lderlin's Idea of "Bildungstrieb": A Model from Yesteryear?. Educational Philosophy and Theory, v50 n6-7 p640-651. The term "Bildungstrieb", which was used toward the end of the eighteenth century by thinkers like Johann Gottfried Herder, Immanuel Kant, or Friedrich Schiller, but which is obsolete in today's vernacular, was of great importance for Friedrich H√∂lderlin. In this article, I explore the historical roots of this concept in the biology of the time, which was then still searching for the right concepts to describe the organic. "Bildungstrieb" is found in Kant's teleology in the "Critique of Judgment," where Kant with the help of this concept works out the specificity of organic life as well as its vicinity and difference to the teleology of human acts and action. Kant himself refers to the G√∂ttingen anatomist, zoologist, and anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, in whose writings Kant found the term which he reinterpreted for his own purposes. Friedrich Schiller adopts the word Bildungstrieb in his work "On the Esthetic Education of Man in a… [Direct]
(1976). Mental Retardation: Century of Decision. Report to the President. Presented is the 1975 report of the President's Committee on Mental Retardation which examines the issues in the field and sets national guidelines for public education and prevention. Eleven chapters are included on the following topics (sample subtopics are in parentheses): issues in mental retardation (biomedical and social-psychological prevention); future projections and their implications with respect to possible governmental initiatives (integration of human service delivery); legal rights of the retarded (objectives for the attainment of citizenship status); objectives and courses of action to ensure the right of every child to be born well (health delivery system); objectives for reducing the incidence of mental retardation associated with social disadvantage (equal educational opportunity which encourages cultural differences); objectives for the attainment of humane service systems (availability of a personal representative); objectives pertaining to international…
(1979). World of Children. Population Bulletin, v33 n6 Jan. This bulletin takes a broad view of children in history, their current problems and needs throughout the world, and directions to be taken for fulfilling those needs. The world population of children under age 15 is projected to increase by 500 million to 1.9 billion in the year 2000. Despite the bonds created by global communications, large disparities still exist between the 80 percent of the world's children now in less developed regions and those in the more developed world in terms of health, education, food, shelter, water, sanitation, and possibilities for achieving their full potential and rights as human beings. Closing this gap can best be done by the low-cost, basic services approach (pioneered by United Nations agencies and several developing countries) which involves the participation of the people concerned at the community level in an integrated development approach, supplemented by action at the national level to change laws and policies which still prevent worldwide…
(2011). Understanding the Dorsal and Ventral Systems of the Human Cerebral Cortex: Beyond Dichotomies. American Psychologist, v66 n7 p624-632 Oct. Traditionally, characterizations of the macrolevel functional organization of the human cerebral cortex have focused on the left and right cerebral hemispheres. However, the idea of left brain versus right brain functions has been shown to be an oversimplification. We argue here that a top-bottom divide, rather than a left-right divide, is a more fruitful way to organize human cortical brain functions. However, current characterizations of the functions of the dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) systems have rested on dichotomies, namely where versus what and how versus what. We propose that characterizing information-processing systems leads to a better macrolevel organization of cortical function; specifically, we hypothesize that the dorsal system is driven by expectations and processes sequences, relations, and movement, whereas the ventral system categorizes stimuli in parallel, focuses on individual events, and processes object properties (such as shape in vision and pitch in… [Direct]
(1984). Monitoring Community Residences: Guidelines/Handbook Developed by ARC-Ohio. This two-volume set containing guidelines and a handbook is intended for persons monitoring the quality of community residences for retarded individuals. The guidelines document begins with a monitoring review worksheet which elicits information in the following categories: human, civil, and legal rights; environment; use of community resources; commitment to personal growth; staff; and personal relationships. The questions in each category are preceded by a brief statement of the issue. A bibliography of residential monitoring instruments completes the guidelines. The handbook contains resource material for monitors, including information on the following: qualifications of a residential service monitor; residential services planning and basic principles; principles for the operation of community residential services; criteria for selecting a residence; some major residential models; the principle of normalization; the community imperative; and common negative practices in…
(1979). Non-Logical Discourse: Key to the Composing Process?. One niche in which scholars have not looked for keys to the composing process is the sometimes illusory but vital area of nonlogical discourse, which includes fantasy, hallucination, dream, reverie, vision, trance, and meditation. Abundant evidence exists about the genesis, importance, and use of nonlogical discourse, but this evidence comes mainly from anthropologists, folklorists, psychologists, and mythographers. Many of these sources attribute nonlogical discourse to thought patterns of the primitive mind, hypothesizing that the creation of language and human religious impulses, both right hemispheric functions, complemented each other as cultures–and written expression–developed. Tribal initiation rites and naming are examples of how static, expressive discourse is used by people to satisfy their deities and the spirits of others. For primitive cultures, the sounds and noises of ceremonial, mythological, and religious actions are the basic language of life. Freud's research…
(2014). Expanding Human Capabilities through the Adoption and Utilization of Free, Libre, and Open Source Software. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of the Incarnate Word. Free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS) is software that is collaboratively developed. FLOSS provides end-users with the source code and the freedom to adapt or modify a piece of software to fit their needs (Deek & McHugh, 2008; Stallman, 2010). FLOSS has a 30 year history that dates to the open hacker community at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where information and knowledge was freely shared among a community of programmers and end-users (Lessig, 2006; Stallman, 2010; Sullivan, 2011). The advent of a proprietary or closed software development model in the late 1970s and early 1980s prompted FLOSS advocates like Richard Stallman to develop tools to protect end-users' rights to modify, share, and create software (Lessig, 2006, Stallman, 2010). Since then, the FLOSS and proprietary software development models have become two diametrically opposed points-of-view with advocates and detractors on both sides. This qualitative case study sought to understand in… [Direct]
(2016). Education in Safe and Unsafe Spaces. Philosophical Inquiry in Education, v24 n1 p64-78. Recent student demands within the academy for "safe space" have aroused concern about the constraints they might impose on free speech and academic freedom. There are as many kinds of safety as there are threats to the things that human beings might care about. That is why we need to be very clear about the specific threats of which the intended beneficiaries of safe space are supposed to be relieved. Much of the controversy can be dissolved by distinguishing between "dignity safety," to which everyone has a right, and "intellectual safety" of a kind that is repugnant to the education worth having. Psychological literature on stereotype threat and the interventions that alleviate its adverse effects shed light on how students' equal dignity can be made safe in institutions without compromising liberty. But "intellectual safety" in education can only be conferred at the cost of indulging close-mindedness and allied vices. Tension between… [PDF]
(2016). A Comprehensive Internationalization Challenge: Learning from Failure or, When Your Best Just Isn't Good Enough. International Research and Review, v6 n1 p10-15 Fall. Why did our idea not work out? How did a program fail? Why did we get unintended consequences? Who is to blame? Could it be that our best just isn't good enough? There are many reasons policies, programs and projects fail. Failure can be informative if shared. This means that professionals should report on failures as well as successes. However, few professionals will admit their mistakes since failures are seldom rewarded. Moreover, many failures that could provide useful guidance are not shared because most journals have a success bias. Oftentimes, however, a policy failure where "NO" was the answer can provide useful information. In this article the author urges readers to accept that humans fail, but if professionals are to learn from failure, improve skills, and manage strategic change, it is necessary to understand why policies and programs fail. As difficult as it is, professionals need to have the courage to speak truth to power when things are not going right…. [PDF]
(2016). One to Grow On/Lesson Plans Well Served. Educational Leadership, v74 n2 p89-90 Oct. Teachers take seriously that "teaching is a deeply human enterprise," yet they can be candidates of worry about standards (or, perhaps more accurately, standardized tests) and where it's taking them in terms of curriculum design. If in their planning they crank out lessons solely focused on goals that young people don't care much about, they've forgotten what teaching really is. This article presents a balanced view of lesson planning for teachers to consider with four thinking forward ideas: (1) if teachers actually believe it doesn't matter whether learners care about what is being asked of them to learn, they've lost their way; (2) there's wisdom in teaching with clarity of outcome–nothing wrong (and potentially much right) in declaring what they value; (3) teaching "invitationally" does not necessitate abandoning important information, skills, and ideas. This calls on teachers to steer students' enthusiasms to the shore of the required curriculum; and (4)… [Direct]
(1996). Technical Assistance Guide for Community College Administrators and Program Coordinators. This guide provides information and guidelines to community college personnel who are administering and coordinating programs designed to prepare paraprofessionals to work with individuals with developmental disabilities in community settings. The guide is specifically for individuals managing the "Paraprofessional Curriculum for Community Inclusion" program offered at Michigan community colleges. The guide describes the Community College Initiative developed by Wayne State University's Developmental Disabilities Institute, especially its features of systems change, student diversity, a values-based curriculum, academic skill development, and career path development. The guide outlines the importance of "person first" language, program needs assessment, community linkages, program certification, staffing, disability support, and job placement. A chapter on curriculum development focuses on the core curriculum which stresses seeing people first (not their… [PDF]
(1996). [Learning Disabilities Information Kit.]. This collection of nine pamphlets is intended to increase the general public's awareness about the nature and importance of learning disabilities; to facilitate the access of parents and individuals with learning disabilities to practical information and sources of assistance; to expand access to practical information about existing research findings, innovations in learning methods, and relevant technology; and to increase the use of such information by teachers, school administrators, parents, pediatricians, and others. The largest pamphlet offers definitions, basic facts about learning disabilities, data on public attitudes and awareness of learning disabilities, and recommendations from a two-day 1994 summit on learning disabilities policy. Three brochures are directed at specific populations: parents, teachers, and doctors. The remaining five brochures provide information on: (1) warning signs (to improve early diagnosis and timely intervention); (2) learning disabilities… [PDF]
(1995). Along the Rio Negro: Rural and Urban Brazilian Children's Environmental Views and Values. This study investigated how urban and rural children who lived along a major river in Brazil understand and value their relationship with the natural environment. Forty-four Brazilian children in fifth grade were interviewed, and background of the city and village they lived in was ascertained. Each child was individually administered a semi-structured interview. The issues under investigation focused on children's: (1) awareness of environmental problems; (2) beliefs about whether certain acts of environmental degradation harmed various parts of nature; (3) concern if such harm occurred; and (4) environmental actions. In addition, a hypothetical scenario was presented to assess the presence or absence of moral obligation in demonstrated environmental sensitivities and commitments based on a wide range of measures. Additional analyses showed striking similarities between this Brazilian population and a population of African-American urban children in the United States interviewed in… [PDF]
(1986). Apparent and Actual Use of Observational Frameworks by Experienced Teachers. This study investigated observational strategies that were used by six experienced physical education teachers when viewing a videotape of motor skills (standing vertical jump, overarm throw, tennis serve, basketball jump shot and dance sequence). Four observational frameworks were proposed as being representative of subdisciplinary knowledge bases within the study of human movement. Laban and Lawrence's Effort-analysis framework (1974) proposes that the criteria for efficiency of human movement is the right proportion of weight, space, time, and control of movement. Cooper and Glassow's Kinesiological framework (1976) proposes that a similarity in joint actions and sequencing of the actions exists among skills within patterns of movements. Hay and Reid's Biomechanical (1982) framework proposes theoretical models in the form of block diagrams to serve as the basis for identifying faults in a performance. Roberton and Halverson's (1984) Developmental framework proposes that common… [PDF]
(2018). PAL: A Provocative Framework for Assessment and Evaluation of 'Timeless' Topics in Technology-Driven 'Classroom' Learning Environments. Online Submission Twenty years after its first application, the Integrated Science Learning Environment model (ISLE) proved still-useful in catalyzing novel thinking about the role of artifacts in shaping Holocaust remembrance at the graduate level. Drawing on new ideas from museum science and technology design, an updated framework, called Provocative Artifacts for Learning (PAL), accounts for advances in educational technologies, mobile capabilities, and 21st-century pedagogy. This paper provides a brief description of the historical development, practical design, and use of the PAL model. Because PAL encompasses two separate but linked items (defined as A1 and A2), the different sides of the axes are related but not antithetically (as in assessment versus evaluation). The meaning-making around A1 develops from the evaluation of place, time, and person, bringing to light critical issues regarding access, bias, and provenance. The sense-making around A2 is revealed in the assessment of the mechanics,… [PDF]