Strobel, Pierre (1996). From Poverty to Exclusion: A Wage-Earning Society or a Society of Human Rights?. International Social Science Journal, v48 n2 p173-89 Jun. Maintains that spreading poverty in Europe has weakened social cohesion and now threatens the construction of the European Community. Initially centered on issues concerning the distribution of resources and goods, the discussion increasingly has focused on the breakdown of social relationships and the question of citizen's rights. (MJP)…

Mock, Karen R. (1997). Victims, Perpetrators, Bystanders, Activists–Who Are They? Who Are You? Focus on Human Rights. Canadian Social Studies, v31 n2 p66-69 Win. Reviews the moral issues and political circumstances of the Holocaust. Identifies four prototypical participants and discusses their role and actions in terms of personal decisions. These are: Victims, Perpetrators, Bystanders, and Activists. Concludes with a call for individuals to examine their own efforts at combatting bigotry and hatred. (MJP)…

Hujanen, Taisto (1989). The Role of Information in the Realization of the Human Rights of Migrant Workers. International Migration Review, v23 n1 p105-19 Spr. Reports on the international Joint Study, supported by UNESCO, attended by scholars and experts from 14 European countries, Australia, Canada, and the U.S. Focuses on the communication situation of a migrant worker community. Describes position papers presented, and final conclusions and recommendations. (MW)…

Schleifer, Rebecca (2002). Ignorance Only: HIV/AIDS, Human Rights, and Federally Funded Abstinence-Only Programs in the United States. Texas: A Case Study. Human Rights Watch, v14 n5 Sep. This report contends that programs teaching teenagers to "just say no" to sex before marriage are threatening adolescent health by censoring basic information about how to prevent HIV/AIDS. The report focuses on federally funded "abstinence-only-until-marriage" programs in Texas, where advertising campaigns convey the message that teenagers should not use condoms because they don't work. Some school-based programs in Texas do not mention condoms at all. Federal health agencies share the broad scientific consensus that condoms, when used correctly, are highly effective in preventing the transmission of HIV. Yet the U.S. government currently spends more than $100 million each year on "abstinence-only-until-marriage" programs, which cannot by law "promote or endorse" condoms or provide instruction regarding their use. This report concludes that federally funded abstinence-only programs, in keeping with their federal mandate, deny children basic… [PDF]

Berthier, Neil E.; Metevier, Christina M.; Nelson, Eliza L.; Novak, Melinda A. (2011). Evidence for Motor Planning in Monkeys: Rhesus Macaques Select Efficient Grips when Transporting Spoons. Developmental Science, v14 n4 p822-831 Jul. McCarty and colleagues (1999) developed the elevated spoon task to measure motor planning in human infants. In this task, a spoon containing food was placed on an elevated apparatus that supported both ends of the spoon. The handle was oriented to the left or right on different trials. We presented naive adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with the elevated spoon problem, and observed how monkeys learned the affordances of spoons over sessions. Strikingly, monkeys developed two different strategies for efficient spoon transport in just 12 to 36 trials. In subsequent testing with a novel double bowl spoon approximately 1 year later, monkeys demonstrated that they were attending to the baited spoon bowl and continued to select efficient grips for transporting the spoon. Monkey data were contrasted with previous studies in human infants using a perception-action perspective in an effort to understand the fundamentals of tool use and motor planning that may be common in the development… [Direct]

Carmo, Mafalda, Ed. (2014). END 2014: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Madrid, Spain, June 28-30, 2014). Online Submission We welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2014, taking place in Madrid, Spain, from 28 to 30 of June, 2014. Education, as an important right in our contemporary world, began since we exist. Knowledge and skills were passed by adults to the young, and cultures began to extend their experiences through various forms. Schools and academies were formed since the most ancient civilizations. Although between innumerous difficulties, these experiences were capable to teach us how to develop better formative effects and to turn education a generalized and global right. Formal education and other educational practices are used by all of us in the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. This international conference seeks to provide explore the processes, actions,… [PDF]

Alber, Julia M.; Barry, Adam E.; James, Delores; Paige, Samantha R.; Stellefson, Michael (2015). Proposing Ethical Practice Standards for Community-Engaged Research in Health Education. American Journal of Health Education, v46 n2 p61-66. "The Belmont Report" was written in 1979 to address the abuse of human participants in biomedical research. In the report, three ethical principles were described: (1) "beneficence," which describes an act of charity or kindness that maximizes possible benefits while minimizing possible harms; (2) "justice," described as a method of just and fair decision making where individuals are treated equally and fairly; and (3) "respect for persons," which recognizes the power of an individual to make independent decisions through ensuring their rights to receive protection if they are unable to do so. These ethical principles led to federal regulations that are almost universally adopted today by researchers and used by institutional review boards (IRBs) to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of research participation for potential human participants. These principles are epitomized by concepts such as informed consent, risk-benefit analysis,… [Direct]

Vauclair, Jacques; Wallez, Catherine (2011). Right Hemisphere Dominance for Emotion Processing in Baboons. Brain and Cognition, v75 n2 p164-169 Mar. Asymmetries of emotional facial expressions in humans offer reliable indexes to infer brain lateralization and mostly revealed right hemisphere dominance. Studies concerned with oro-facial asymmetries in nonhuman primates largely showed a left-sided asymmetry in chimpanzees, marmosets and macaques. The presence of asymmetrical oro-facial productions was assessed in Olive baboons in order to determine the functional cerebral asymmetries. Two affiliative behaviors (lipsmack, copulation call) and two agonistic ones (screeching, eyebrow-raising) were recorded. For screeching, a strong and significant left hemimouth bias was found, but no significant bias was observed for the other behaviors. These results are discussed in the light of the available literature concerning asymmetrical oro-facial productions in nonhuman primates. In addition, these findings suggest that human hemispheric specialization for emotions has precursors in primate evolution. (Contains 1 figure and 2 tables.)… [Direct]

Rossini, Carolina (2010). The Open World: Access to Knowledge as a Foundation for an Open World. EDUCAUSE Review, v45 n4 p60-62,64-68 Jul-Aug. The change brought about in the networked information environment is deep and structural, in a way that has the potential to empower cultures left out of the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the author stresses that it is fundamental for individuals to understand, from a developing nation's perspective, how the Internet changes the capacity of knowledge production, distribution, and access and how this affects access to knowledge, education, scientific innovation, and development, since \technological capacity, technological infrastructure, access to knowledge, and highly skilled human resources become critical sources of competitiveness in the new international division of labour.\ The open world gains a much broader and empowered meaning over its original political context when it is restated as part of an individual's right to participate within the knowledge society. The right to access to the Internet and the right to make and distribute content should not be held solely by business… [Direct]

Towndrow, Phillip A.; Vallance, Michael (2013). Making the Right Decisions: Leadership in 1-to-1 Computing in Education. International Journal of Educational Management, v27 n3 p260-272. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to detail the necessity for more informed decision making and leadership in the implementation of 1-to-1 computing in education. Design/methodology/approach: The contexts of high-tech countries of Singapore and Japan are used as case studies to contextualize and support four evidence-based recommendations for "true", "principled" and "right" leadership in technology integration in educational institutes. Findings: The cases of Singapore and Japan reveal different stages of technology implementation in education. Singapore has a broad, government-backed vision for technology integration and has invested heavily in infrastructure and human capital. However, the paper highlights how the benefits of 1-to-1 computing are not easily recognizable in practice and its implementation does not fit well into schools' strategic plans. Japanese education, on the other hand, has low technology utilization in its schools and… [Direct]

(2018). Learning to Realize Education's Promise. World Development Report, 2018. World Bank Every year, the World Bank's World Development Report (WDR) features a topic of central importance to global development. The 2018 WDR–"Learning to Realize Education's Promise"–is the first ever devoted entirely to education. And the time is right: education has long been critical to human welfare, but it is even more so in a time of rapid economic and social change. The best way to equip children and youth for the future is to make their learning the center of all efforts to promote education. The 2018 WDR explores four main themes: First, education's promise–education is a powerful instrument for eradicating poverty and promoting shared prosperity, but fulfilling its potential requires better policies–both within and outside the education system. Second, the need to shine a light on learning: despite gains in access to education, recent learning assessments reveal that many young people around the world, especially those who are poor or marginalized, are leaving… [PDF]

Brass, Marcel; Liepelt, Roman; Prinz, Wolfgang (2010). When Do We Simulate Non-Human Agents? Dissociating Communicative and Non-Communicative Actions. Cognition, v115 n3 p426-434 Jun. There is strong evidence that we automatically simulate observed behavior in our motor system. Previous research suggests that this simulation process depends on whether we observe a human or a non-human agent. Measuring a motor priming effect, this study investigated the question of whether agent-sensitivity of motor simulation depends on the specific action observed. Participants saw pictures depicting end positions of different actions on a screen. All postures featured either a human or non-human agent. Participants had to produce the matching action with their left or right hand depending on the hand presented on the screen. Three different actions were displayed: a communicative action (emblem), a transitive (goal-directed) action and an intransitive action. We found motor priming effects of similar size for human and non-human agents for transitive and intransitive actions. However, the motor priming effect for communicative actions was present for the human agent, but absent… [Direct]

Wivestad, Stein M. (2013). "Upbuilding Examples" for Adults Close to Children. Studies in Philosophy and Education, v32 n5 p515-532 Sep. Both in formal situations (as school teachers, football trainers, etc.) and in many, often unpredictable informal situations (both inside and outside institutions)–adults come close to children. Whether we intend it or not, we continually give them examples of what it is to live as a human being, and thereby we have a pedagogical responsibility. I sketch what it could mean to let ourselves "be built up", in a Kierkegaardian sense, on the foundation of unconditional love, presupposing that this love is possible for "all" human beings. Kierkegaard's "Upbuilding discourses" invite each reader to engage in a dialogue with the possibilities in the text. Thereby the reader may become aware of his or her present situation in life and see possible alternatives. These discourses or "talks" ("taler" in Danish) exemplify a manner of indirect communication which perhaps may be transferred to encounters with works of art in general: How… [Direct]

Nesmith, Leo, Jr. (2013). The Vestiges of Brown: An Analysis of the Placements of African American Principals in Florida Public Schools (2010-2011). ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida Atlantic University. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the relationship between a school's percentage of African American students enrolled and the placement of an African American principal for all of Florida's K-12 traditional public schools during the academic year 2010-2011. This study also sought to determine if this relationship was moderated by each school's level, size, letter grade, socioeconomic status (FRL), gender of principal, as well as gender and race of the presiding district superintendent. Lastly, the relationship between each moderator variable and the placement of African American principals was examined. The ultimate objective was to determine if limited opportunities still widely exist in the placement of African American principals throughout Florida. Data were collected and analyzed using quantitative methods for 2,705 schools that served as the units of analysis. Using correlational analysis, the study found that a significantly positive and moderately strong… [Direct]

Abate, Michelle Ann (2013). A Womb with a Political View: Barbara Park's "MA! There's Nothing to Do Here!" Prenatal Parenting, and the Battle over Personhood. Children's Literature in Education, v44 n4 p326-343 Dec. This essay makes the case that Barbara Park's picture book "MA! There's Nothing to Do Here!: A Word from Your Baby-in-Waiting" (2008) adds another equal-parts absurdist and alarming item to the ever-growing responsibilities of expecting mothers: ensuring that their fetus is entertained. The messages that Park's narrative sends about fetal needs, however, have implications that extend beyond individual mothers; they also encompass larger societal issues concerning the origins of human life, the embryonic capacity for discomfort, and the existence of "fetal children." Given the way in which "MA! There's Nothing to Do Here!" ascribes thoughts and emotions to an unborn baby, the narrative engages with current highly-politicized questions about the rights of the unborn and the debate over personhood. The fetus in Park's text may be ostensibly complaining about being bored in the womb, but he is making a far more powerful, if tacit,… [Direct]

Majgaard, Gunver; Nielsen, Jacob; S√∏rensen, Erik (2013). Self-Assessment and Reflection in a 1st Semester Course for Software Engineering Students. International Association for Development of the Information Society, Paper presented at the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA) (Fort Worth, TX, Oct 22-24, 2013). How can student self-assessment be used as a tool and become beneficial for both lecturers and students? We used a simple self-assessment tool for pre- and post-testing on a first-semester engineering course. The students graded their knowledge on human-computer interaction based on their ability to understand and explain specific concepts. The assessment tool was inspired by the SOLO-model. The assessment tool promoted practice reflections on the academic concepts. In the pre-test the students became aware of specific academic expectations in the course and they got to grade the gap between their own current knowledge and what would be expected at the end of the course. The lecturer could right from the beginning sharpen the academic semester plan based on the assessment results. The post-test could be used by the students as a tool for grading their knowledge in preparation for the final exam. From the lecturer's perspective the post assessment was useful in optimising the course… [PDF]

Abbruzzese, Giovanni; Avanzino, Laura; Bove, Marco; Defazio, Gianni; Martino, Davide; Martino, Isadora; Pelosin, Elisa; Vicario, Carmelo M. (2013). Temporal Expectation in Focal Hand Dystonia. Brain, v136 n2 p444-454 Feb. Patients with writer's cramp present sensory and representational abnormalities relevant to motor control, such as impairment in the temporal discrimination between tactile stimuli and in pure motor imagery tasks, like the mental rotation of corporeal and inanimate objects. However, only limited information is available on the ability of patients with dystonia to process the time-dependent features (e.g. speed) of movement in real time. The processing of time-dependent features of movement has a crucial role in predicting whether the outcome of a complex motor sequence, such as handwriting or playing a musical passage, will be consistent with its ultimate goal, or results instead in an execution error. In this study, we sought to evaluate the implicit ability to perceive the temporal outcome of different movements in a group of patients with writer's cramp. Fourteen patients affected by writer's cramp in the right hand and 17 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were recruited… [Direct]

Frings, Christian; Tempel, Tobias (2013). Resolving Interference between Body Movements: Retrieval-Induced Forgetting of Motor Sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, v39 n4 p1152-1161 Jul. When body movements are stored in memory in an organized manner, linked to a common retrieval cue like the effector with which to execute the movement, interference may arise as soon as one initiates the execution of a specific body movement in the presence of the retrieval cue because related motor programs also are activated. We investigated the resolution of such interference between motor programs. Participants learned several sequential finger movements, each consisting of the movement of 2 fingers of either the left or the right hand. Subsequently, they performed retrieval practice on half of the items of 1 hand. A final recall test then assessed memory for all initially learned items. In 3 experiments, retrieval-induced forgetting occurred; that is, retrieval practice impaired the recall of unpracticed movements belonging to the practiced hand. The results suggest that retrieval-based inhibition resolved interference between motor programs pertaining to the same hand, thereby… [Direct]

Farley, Lisa (2013). Without Discipleship: A Psychoanalytic Study of Influence for Education. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, v21 n3 p361-382. While psychoanalytic and educational research consistently document a fraught relation between the two fields, they share in common the problem of how to influence others in the direction of psychical and perhaps more so in the case of education, social change. And yet, the changes at stake in psychoanalytic theory do not proceed from conscious effort or the right kind of knowledge. In this paper, I consider the problem of influence as an ironic registration marked not by the analyst's intention, insight or charisma, but by her capacity to survive the disillusionment of these ideals in the face of the analysand's regressive crises. Drawing on two analytic pairings (Loewald/Lear and Winnicott/Little), I show that the foundation of psychical change proceeds not from instruction or insight but, from the opposite direction: or, the analysand's regression. For education, what remains is a question of how the teacher can survive not only the helplessness of her own helping… [Direct]

Butler, Margaret (2004). Funding Federal Civil Rights Enforcement: 2005. US Commission on Civil Rights The year 2004 marks 40 years since Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and 50 years since the two historic Brown v. Board of Education cases. In recognition of the anniversaries, Americans are gathering to take stock of how much has been accomplished, and how much yet must be done to ensure equality for all. The substandard conditions in which many minority citizens still live makes it imperative that agencies charged with enforcing the laws that protect civil rights possess sufficient funding to do so. The United States Commission on Civil Rights's Office of Civil Rights Evaluation (OCRE), over a period of years, has reviewed data relevant to civil rights enforcement funding, staffing, and workload levels. This year, OCRE analyzed data representing fiscal years 1994 to 2005 for: (1) the U.S. Department of Education (DOEd), Office for Civil Rights (OCR); (2) the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Civil Rights Division (CRD); (3) the U.S. Department of Health and Human… [PDF]

DiBiase, John (1999). How To Serve and Organize the Abandoned Poor: A Human Rights Spiritual Case Study Manual. This guide is designed to help social workers, social activists, members of religious organizations, police officers, urban planners, and anyone interested in working with disadvantaged people. Case studies and examples from the experiences of real people are given to make the discussion practical. Each chapter contains a series of questions and answers that illustrate the precepts of serving and organizing efforts for the abandoned poor. The introductory chapters discuss the human person and present a philosophical and principled approach to their problems. Other chapters provide detailed and concrete accounts of methods and techniques for training people for social activism and leadership. Among the topics discussed is self-help by the poor at the neighborhood and community levels. The final chapter contains specific advice for establishing a nonprofit agency that includes members of the community being served. Eight appendixes reinforce many of the chapters with detailed… [PDF]

Mock, Karen R. (1996). The Somalia Inquiry: What Does It Have to Do with Us? Focus on Human Rights. Canadian Social Studies, v30 n2 p53-55 Win. Explores the recent scandal concerning Canadian paratroopers' conduct during the United Nations relief and peacekeeping efforts. Three soldiers from an elite commando unit tortured and murdered an unarmed Somali teenager. Government investigation of this incident has focused on racist ideology, socialization of recruits, and chain-of-command responsibility. (MJP)…

Rabe, Stephen G. (1995). John F. Kennedy and Constitutionalism, Democracy and Human Rights in Latin America: Promise and Performance. New England Journal of History, v52 n2 p38-57 Fall. Summarizes the sometimes confusing and contradictory efforts of the John F. Kennedy administration to encourage the development of democratic political processes in Latin America. Although sincere, Kennedy's efforts often were stymied by resistance from the local power structure and his own Central Intelligence Agency. Eventually, anti-communist considerations dominated the Latin American policy. (MJP)…

Stroud, Christopher (2001). African Mother-Tongue Programmes and the Politics of Language: Linguistic Citizenship versus Linguistic Human Rights. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, v22 n4 p339-55. Proposes a notion of linguistic citizenship as a way of capturing how issues of language may be accorded a central place in the arena of education and politics. Offers both sociopolitical and theoretical rationales for an integrative view of language policy and planning in the context of education, combining an academic and social analysis of language political issues that support a transformative approach to issues of language and democracy. (Author/VWL)…

Fernekes, William R.; Gaudelli, William (2004). Teaching about Global Human Rights for Global Citizenship: Action Research in the Social Studies Curriculum. Social Studies, v95 n1 p16 Jan-Feb. What are my rights? What can I do if my rights are violated? Who has the right to do that?Questions like these are easily articulated by most students in the United States because from an early age they frequently receive socially diffused rights messages in virtually every aspect of their lives. The United States has been described as a highly legalistic society or a polity of laws, not people. That tradition is indeed one of the hallmarks of the U.S. democracy. Television and film media illustrate that claim, awash as they are with references to laws, statutes, adjudication, and police work. Because young people, particularly adolescents, are great consumers of those visual texts, they imbibe a general understanding of, and perhaps even a taste for, this national legal fixation. The same is true for classrooms, with rights and litigation issues taking precedence over all other civic ideas, according to Avery (2002). Much of what constitutes formal rights education in the United…

Smith-Morris, Micaiah (2018). Re-Conceptualizing the Role of Chief Diversity Officer within Small, Private, Four-Year Colleges. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Immaculata University. To accomplish the important work of diversifying the student body, staff, faculty and administrators in order to create a welcoming and inclusive culture, many institutions of higher education have installed an executive leader to serve as the organization's chief officer of diversity, with the objective of infusing diversity into the college or university mission in a manner that meaningfully affects internal stakeholders and external stakeholders alike. This study explored how the chief officers of diversity within small, private, four-year, colleges have conceptualized their role, giving consideration to modern structural and operational conventions of chief diversity officers, to the missions of the institutions, and to any theological underpinnings. This study examined the four principle organizational components that affect the productivity and effectiveness of the chief officer of diversity and are affected by the productivity and effectiveness of the chief officer of… [Direct]

Lechner, Daniel (2001). The Dangerous Right to Human Education. Studies in Philosophy and Education, v20 n3 p279-81 May. Uses the theories of Michel Foucault to support the contention that the educational system normalizes and disciplines the individual rather than stimulates the development of personal potential. Argues that children should be allowed to co-author the contracts they have with their educators; in this way education can serve to empower the child. (NB)…

Carmo, Mafalda, Ed. (2015). END 2015: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Porto, Portugal, June 27-29, 2015). Online Submission We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and… [PDF]

Dixon, James G., III (1991). Transcending Difference: The Place of the Classics in the Curriculum of the '90s. A close examination of the classics of western civilization reveals values that transcend any narrow definition and so absolve the classical tradition from the accusations leveled against it for being mere "representations" of the dominant culture. The classical tradition, with its values of individualism, freedom, and human dignity, has always, at its best, sought to affirm a wisdom that transcends race, gender, and nationality. Grove City College has initiated a revision of its core curriculum–a three-year sequence entitled the "Civilization Series" that guides every student through the great literary, philosophical, and religious works of western civilization and introduces them to other major world civilizations. New Historicism's diminishment of the classics to mere curiosities of a particular mindset of a particular time elevates the half truth of a work's historical context into the full truth about that work. Dante's use of Beatrice in "The Divine… [PDF]

Weinstock, Daniel (2014). The Complex Normative Foundations of Language Policy. Language Policy, v13 n4 p317-333 Nov. The language policy of a liberal democratic state must be formulated in a context of multiple, often conflicting sets of interests and of normative constraints that limit the means by which the liberal state can manage these interests. The interests at stake are, first, those of the individual, for whom language is viewed both instrumentally, and as a matter of identity. The state has an interest in homogenizing the linguistic repertoires of its members to a degree sufficient to achieve the functions that states must by their very nature serve. To the extent that it views itself as just, it must also respond to the demands for linguistic diversity that emerge, for example, in federal and in postcolonial contexts. Finally, there may be an interest shared by all humans in preserving linguistic diversity. These sets of interests predictably generate conflicts, which a broadly liberal state must manage while respecting the normative constraints of state neutrality, and of individual… [Direct]