Guerrero, Rachel; Masland, Mary; Snowden, Lonnie R. (2007). Federal Civil Rights Policy and Mental Health Treatment Access for Persons with Limited English Proficiency. American Psychologist, v62 n2 p109-117 Feb-Mar. As noted in the supplement to the U.S. Surgeon General's report on mental health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001), overcoming language access barriers associated with limited English proficiency (LEP) should help to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in mental health care access and quality. Federal policy requires remedial action to overcome language barriers: Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Medicaid and other federally funded programs must provide assistance to LEP persons. Some state-level public and mental health authorities have responded by instituting "threshold language" policies. The history and terms of federal civil rights policy, and of threshold-language-policy-inspired initiatives, should be understood by everyone concerned with overcoming ethnic disparities in mental health services use. Concerned parties should promote implementation of required measures for language assistance and help to evaluate their… [Direct]

Haynes, Mariana (2011). Transforming High Schools: Performance Systems for Powerful Teaching. Policy Brief. Alliance for Excellent Education This policy brief examines standards-based approaches that hold promise for shaping a common vision of skilled teaching commensurate with the national goal of preparing all students for college and careers. Numerous studies confirm that teachers are the most significant school-based factor in improving student achievement, particularly for the most challenging students. Yet, while the current mantra is that "teachers make the difference", John Hattie, professor of education and director of the Visible Learning Labs at the University of Auckland, contends that this notion is not quite right. "Not all teachers are effective, not all are experts, and not all teachers have powerful effects on students… The important consideration is the ways that teachers differ in their influence on student achievement–what it is that makes the most difference?" "Some" teachers who undertake certain teaching acts with appropriately challenging curricula while also… [PDF]

Perricone, Christopher (2011). What Women Want: (Among Other Things) Quality Art. Journal of Aesthetic Education, v45 n3 p88-102 Fall. Toward the end of \Of the Standard of Taste,\ Hume summarizes what it means to be \a true judge in the finer arts.\ He says: \Strong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice, can alone entitle critics to this valuable character.\ Hume is essentially right about what it means to be a good critic. Good critics need strong cognitive skills to develop sound arguments. They need to be perspicacious in discerning the finer sensuous details in artworks. They need to be thoroughly practiced in the art of their choice. They need a broad knowledge of their field in order to make salient and significant comparisons, which, in turn, will place their subject matter in its proper thematic and historical contexts. And finally, perhaps most difficult of all, they need to perform their acts of criticism, if not with an innocent eye, at least as free as possible from those prejudices that would distort or deform the object of… [Direct]

Blat, Josep; Carralero, Miguel A.; Carrio, Mar; Chacon, Jonathan; Hernandez-Leo, Davinia; Moreno, Pau; Romeo, Lauren (2011). LdShake: Learning Design Solutions Sharing and Co-Edition. Computers & Education, v57 n4 p2249-2260 Dec. Two important challenges that teachers are currently facing are the sharing and the collaborative authoring of their learning design solutions, such as didactical units and learning materials. On the one hand, there are tools that can be used for the creation of design solutions and only some of them facilitate the co-edition. However, they do not incorporate mechanisms that support the sharing of the designs between teachers. On the other hand, there are tools that serve as repositories of educational resources but they do not enable the authoring of the designs. In this paper we present LdShake, a web tool whose novelty is focused on the combined support for the social sharing and co-edition of learning design solutions within communities of teachers. Teachers can create and share learning designs with other teachers using different access rights so that they can read, comment or co-edit the designs. Therefore, each design solution is associated to a group of teachers able to work… [Direct]

Burnett, Brian D. (2010). Reduction in Public Funding for Postsecondary Education in Colorado from 1970 to 2010: A Study Documenting Change and the Resulting Shift from Public to Private Good. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. This study examines and chronicles the change in public funding for postsecondary education in Colorado from 1970 to 2010. Colorado was ranked sixth among states in per capita funding for public higher education in 1970 and declined to 48th in 2010. The study analyzed state appropriations over this time period in five broad categories of spending: K-12 education, health and human services, courts and criminal justice, higher education, and the category entitled "other" combining all remaining functions of state government. Findings demonstrate that since 1970, after adjusting for inflation, the total state general fund budget appropriations have increased by 231%, K-12 appropriations increased by 314%, health and human services increased by 662%, the courts and criminal justice program increased by 712%. Public higher education general fund appropriations increased 8.9% over this time period and other parts of state government declined by 55%. Since 1970, higher… [Direct]

Franklin, Janice (2011). The Local Beneath the National and Global – Institutional Education, Credentialed Natural Resource Management (NRM) and Rural Community (Un) Sustainability. Education in Rural Australia, v21 n2 p55-70. The implementation of strategies for national and global outcomes has in some instances left rural community resources and practices devalued and disturbed and rural people demoralised with the result that local community sustainability has been compromised. Formal education in Australia is about many things, but is rarely sympathetic towards rural community sustainability beyond providing specific human resources to meet difficult to fill industry and service needs. The move from a state to a national curriculum for high school students and the nationalizing of Vocational Education Training (VET) credentials reflects a commitment by governments to deliver educational "equity and excellence", for "Australian sustainability" and "the global agenda for change". Education is in practice focused on the preparation of students for the attainment of credentials to conform to national or even regional industry and service delivery needs, but is not often… [Direct]

Ballard, Laura (2017). The Effects of Primacy on Rater Cognition: An Eye-Tracking Study. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan State University. Rater scoring has an impact on writing test reliability and validity. Thus, there has been a continued call for researchers to investigate issues related to rating (Crusan, 2015). Investigating the scoring process and understanding how raters arrive at particular scores are critical "because the score is ultimately what will be used in making decisions and inferences about writers" (Weigle, 2002, p. 108). In the current study I answer the call for continued research on rating processes by investigating rater cognition in the context of rubric use in writing assessment. This type of research is especially important for rater training and rubric development because, despite efforts to guide raters to a common understanding of the rubric criteria and to help raters converge on a common understanding of scoring bands, variance in rater scoring and rater behavior persists. The goal is not to eliminate the variance (which can't be done when using human raters), rather the goal is… [Direct]

Howard, Muriel A. (2009). Driving American Economic Renewal. New England Journal of Higher Education, v24 n1 p28 Sum. Surmounting a national–indeed global–recession in the wake of war is not new to America or its leaders. Born out of one of the nation's darkest moments of the 20th century were bold initiatives to empower those who served their country as well as all who sought to enter the American middle class. The GI Bill of Rights was one such measure, as was the remarkable expansion of publicly financed postsecondary education systems throughout the U.S. The unfolding story of the current recession will again include the need to increase the educational attainment of the nation's citizens as a core theme. The dismantling and restructuring of the domestic automakers is symbolic; the time for America to compete strictly on brawn has faded. America must instead compete on talent nurtured as part of a systematic and public policy-driven mandate to "grow" human capital. As was true after World War II, it is institutions of the knowledge economy–the colleges and universities–that will… [PDF] [Direct]

Arolt, Volker; Bauer, Jochen; Heindel, Walter; Kugel, Harald; Ohrmann, Patricia; Rauch, Astrid Veronika; Schwindt, Wolfram; Suslow, Thomas (2006). Amygdala Activation during Masked Presentation of Emotional Faces Predicts Conscious Detection of Threat-Related Faces. Brain and Cognition, v61 n3 p243-248 Aug. It has been argued that critical functions of the human amygdala are to modulate the moment-to-moment vigilance level and to enhance the processing and the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing material. In this functional magnetic resonance study, pictures of human faces bearing fearful, angry, and happy expressions were presented to nine healthy volunteers using a backward masking procedure based on neutral facial expression. Activation of the left and right amygdala in response to the masked fearful faces (compared to neutral faces) was significantly correlated with the number of fearful faces detected. In addition, right but not left amygdala activation in response to the masked angry faces was significantly related to the number of angry faces detected. The present findings underscore the role of the amygdala in the detection and consolidation of memory for marginally perceptible threatening facial expression…. [Direct]

Miller, Timothy A. (2010). Generative Models of Disfluency. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota. This thesis describes a generative model for representing disfluent phenomena in human speech. This model makes use of observed syntactic structure present in disfluent speech, and uses a right-corner transform on syntax trees to model this structure in a very natural way. Specifically, the phenomenon of speech repair is modeled by explicitly modeling the partially completed constituent structure, building up phrasal structure as it is read in, and allowing incomplete constituents as part of the final structure of an utterance. This model is then implemented in a working system for parsing transcribed text. This system maps transformed syntax trees to a hierarchical time-series model, which is able to parse in linear time by implementing a fixed-depth stack. The results of this system dramatically improve parsing and repair detection over standard baselines, and are approaching the performance of models that are not constrained by incremental processing and psycholinguistic… [Direct]

Chen, Albert H. Y. (1998). The Philosophy of Language Rights. Language Sciences, v20 n1 p45-54 Jan. Explores the moral and political issues involved in the concept of language rights. Examines language diversity as well as insights into the relationship among language, human existence, and culture; elaborates the concept of language rights; and discusses the moral and political philosophy of language rights. (34 references) (Author/CK)…

Speake, Jacquelyn Hoffmann (2011). Evolution/Creationism Controversy: Analysis of Past and Current Policies in Public Schools and the Practice of Allowing Students to Opt out of Learning Evolution Concepts. ProQuest LLC, Ed.D. Dissertation, University of South Florida. Recent anti-evolution legislation, in the form of Academic Freedom bills, has been introduced in many state legislatures over the last three years. The language in the proposed Academic Freedom bills may allow different interpretations of what can be taught in the science classrooms, and possibly spur parents to take advantage of their perceived parental rights to request their child be opted-out of class when the scientific theory of evolution is taught. Five research questions guided the analysis of participant responses to questions and perception statements focusing on secondary school administrators' actions, perceptions, and awareness as they relate to their decision to allow or not allow a student to opt out of academics, specifically evolution, through the collection of data using a web-based survey. Opt out policies are typically invoked to excuse students from activities to which they or their parents may have religious objections (Scott & Branch, 2008). Florida… [Direct]

(2010). The Educational Effectiveness of Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A Briefing before the United States Commission on Civil Rights Held in Washington, D.C. Briefing Report. US Commission on Civil Rights The Black College and University Act defined an historically black college and university (HBCU) as one that existed before 1964 with a historic and contemporary mission of educating blacks while being open to all. An HBCU must either have earned accreditation from a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association or be making reasonable progress toward accreditation. Currently, 103 HBCUs are located mainly in the Southeastern United States, the District of Columbia, and the Virgin Islands. The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights conducted a briefing on May 5, 2006, to assess the educational effectiveness of HBCUs. The Commission invited five distinguished panelists to discuss the issue: Louis W. Sullivan, founding dean and first president of Morehouse School of Medicine, as well as a presidential advisor and former cabinet secretary; Earl S. Richardson, president of Morgan State University and a former presidential advisor on Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Jamie… [PDF]

Kyle-Holmes, Vada (1999). A Civil Rights Update: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v25 n4 p58-63 Win 1998-1999. Describes issues currently faced by the U.S. Office for Civil Rights. These include: (1) managed care; (2) implementation of nondiscrimination requirements in adoption and foster care; (3) acquired immune deficiency syndrome issues; (4) national origin nondiscrimination; (5) welfare-reform concerns; (6) children's health insurance; and (7) compliance issues. (SLD)…

DomNwachukwu, Chinaka Samuel (2010). An Introduction to Multicultural Education: From Theory to Practice. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. This book provides a balance between the principles and practice of multicultural education in the K-12 classroom, presenting multicultural education as a learner-centered pedagogy. It projects foundational principles and practices that make multicultural education relevant and appealing, while eliminating ideas and practices that produce negative reactions and outcomes. It utilizes historical data to make the case for equity pedagogy, going further than other books on this topic to provide practical steps and approaches to implementing multicultural education. The person and cultural identity of the teacher is addressed in-depth. The person and nature of the learner and the learning process are addressed as foundational ideas behind equity pedagogy. Such multicultural education topics as gender equity, universal access, religious pluralism, and bilingualism (or multilingualism) are all addressed with much detail. This book provides pre-service and in-service teachers with the… [Direct]

Bush, Don (1992). The Technology of Human Editing (The Friendly Editor). Technical Communication, v39 n1 p115-16 Feb. Contrasts robotic editing with human editing (discussing descriptive grammar, periodic sentences, theme-rheme concept, right-branching, zeugma, and Irish bulls). Maintains that, for any editing that requires thinking, humans are always superior. (SR)…

(2007). International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs, 2007-2008. Science Service This publication presents changes and modifications for 2007-2008 to the \International Rules for Precollege Science Research: Guidelines for Science and Engineering Fairs.\ It is written to guide fair directors, teachers, scientists, parents, and adult volunteers as they pursue their work of encouraging students to explore and investigate their world through hands-on research. Change categories include: (1) Human Subjects; (2) Vertebrate Animals; (3) Potentially Hazardous Biological Agents; (4) Hazardous Chemicals, Activities or Devices; and (5) Form Changes. In addition to providing the rules of competition, these rules and guidelines for conducting research were developed with the intent to do the following: (1) protect the rights and welfare of the student researcher and human subjects; (2) protect the health and well-being of vertebrate animal subjects; (3) follow federal regulations governing research; (4) offer guidance to affiliated fairs; (5) use safe laboratory practices;… [Direct]

Maes, J. H. R.; Sambeth, A. (2006). A Comparison of Event-Related Potentials of Humans and Rats Elicited by a Serial Feature-Positive Discrimination Task. Learning and Motivation, v37 n3 p269-288 Aug. The purpose of this experiment was to compare components of the human and rat auditory event-related potential (ERP) in a serial feature-positive discrimination task. Subjects learned to respond to an auditory target stimulus when it followed a visual feature (X [right arrow] A+), but to not respond when it was presented alone (A-). Upon solving the task, the N2 component, which has been suggested to reflect the activation of inhibitory processes, was temporarily more negative in response to the target on A- than on X [right arrow] A+ trials in both species. However, whereas a P3 component was present in the human participants, this component was absent in the rats. In both species, the amplitude of several ERP components, including the N2, decreased in the course of training. These results are discussed in the framework of contemporary models of associative learning…. [Direct]

Geake, John (2008). Neuromythologies in Education. Educational Research, v50 n2 p123-133 Jun. Background: Many popular educational programmes claim to be \brain-based\, despite pleas from the neuroscience community that these neuromyths do not have a basis in scientific evidence about the brain. Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to examine several of the most popular neuromyths in the light of the relevant neuroscientific and educational evidence. Examples of neuromyths include: 10% brain usage, left- and right-brained thinking, VAK (visual, auditory and kinaesthetic) learning styles and multiple intelligences. Sources of evidence: The basis for the argument put forward includes a literature review of relevant cognitive neuroscientific studies, often involving neuroimaging, together with several comprehensive education reviews of the brain-based approaches under scrutiny. Main argument: The main elements of the argument are as follows. We use most of our brains most of the time, not some restricted 10% brain usage. This is because our brains are densely interconnected,… [Direct]

Allen, Tiffany; Bronte-Tinkew, Jacinta; Joyner, Krystle (2008). Institutional Review Boards (IRBs): What Are They, and Why Are They Important? Part 7 in a Series on Practical Evaluation Methods. Research-to-Results Brief. Publication #2008-09. Child Trends Many out-of-school time programs conduct evaluations. As part of an evaluation, program participants (including children, their parents, and program staff) may be asked to provide information. Researchers refer to these individuals as \human subjects,\ and it is essential to protect their privacy, rights, confidentiality, and privileges. Organizations conducting research work with institutional review boards (IRBs) to ensure these protections. As it is, many out-of-school programs have conducted small-scale informal evaluations without prior approval from an IRB because the programs may have lacked information about IRB approval or awareness about these issues. This brief intends to allay the fears or concerns that out-of-school time program practitioners may have about the IRB review process by discussing the importance of IRBs and providing guidelines for their use in out-of-school program research. (Contains 1 table and 14 notes.) [For Part 6 in this series, see ED499690.]… [Direct]

Ochs, Kimberley (2007). Implementation of the Commonwealth Teacher Recruitment Protocol: Considering the Education Systems and Context. Perspectives in Education, v25 n2 p15-24 Jun. The Commonwealth Teacher Recruitment Protocol (CTRP), adopted by Commonwealth member states in 2004, \aims to balance the rights of teachers to migrate internationally, on a temporary or permanent basis, against the need to protect the integrity of national education systems, and to prevent the exploitation of the scarce human resources of poorer countries\. In doing so it addresses the rights and responsibilities of recruiting countries, source countries, and recruited teachers. The first section reviews the international context of teacher migration, and discusses the global phenomenon of teacher loss. Second, the article revisits the action items of the CTRP with respect to the education system and suggests further points for discussion and research in support of international implementation and compliance. Third, the article revisits a framework that conceives an education system in six foci: (1) guiding philosophy or ideology; (2) ambitions / goals; (3) strategies; (4) enabling… [Direct]

(2004). Truth Revealed: New Scientific Discoveries Regarding Mercury in Medicine and Autism. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and Wellness of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Second Session (September 8, 2004) Serial No. 108-262. US House of Representatives This purpose of this hearing was to discuss the latest scientific research regarding the use of mercury in medicine in the United States and the possible connection between these products and autism spectrum disorders. The subcommittee also discusses the need for further research to determine the biological basis of autism and how the Federal Government is working to decrease the occurrences of this health epidemic in the United States. Representative Dan Burton and chairman of the committee begins the hearing by explaining that mercury has been present in medicines dispersed widely to the public for decades. Unknown to most Americans, mercury is still present in medicines that we use every day, including eye drops, nasal spray, as well as many anti-fungal and anti-itch creams, as well as vaccines. While the pharmaceutical industry has found new ways to manufacture many medicines and vaccinations that do not require the use of mercury, three vaccines that currently remain on the… [PDF]

Otieno, Iddah Aoko (2012). Internationalization of an African University in the Post-Colonial Era: A Case Study of the University of Nairobi. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Kentucky. This case study uses post-colonial and dependency theoretical lenses to investigate the forces influencing policy, procedures, and participation in international activity in the post-colonial African university environment of Kenya's first national public university-the University of Nairobi (UoN). The research addresses (1) the approaches and strategies adopted by UoN to engage in international activity; (2) the changes that have taken place over time in international activity engagement at UoN since the attainment of political independence by the Republic of Kenya; and (3) the rationales driving participation in international activity. This investigation included library research, document analysis, multiple campus visits, and 20 formal interviews with the faculty and administrators of the University of Nairobi, Kenya. I argue that even though the University of Nairobi now exhibits some degree of agency in her international engagement as an independent post-colonial African… [Direct]

Starling, Stacey Lee (2012). Competing Goodness: Perceptions of Person-Centered Culture Change within Human Service Agencies. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, California Institute of Integral Studies. Front and center in the endeavor to "reform" health care is the appeal to change the culture of aging within provider organizations situated in the long-term care continuum. Person-centeredness is the latest philosophical overlay to aging care and supports and services. As a dominate paradigm guiding change, the movement intends to shift the provider-driven medical model towards a consumer-driven social model that embraces flexibility and self-determination. Common referred to as the culture change movement, this change intends to foster a culture of aging that upholds the rights of older adults and people with disabilities to live in the setting of choice and remain connected to the community. This interpretive study focused on a group of regional planning and service areas (PSAs) that are implementing change to become a culture of services that is value-based, flexible, and consumer-determined; familiarized as a person-centered approach to supports and services. The goal… [Direct]

Shi, Jiannong; Tao, Ting (2012). A Systemic Approach: The Ultimate Choice for Gifted Education. High Ability Studies, v23 n1 p113-114. In \Towards a systemic theory of gifted education,\ A. Ziegler and S.N. Phillipson have proposed a systemic approach to gifted education. For this approach, they built a model that they call an \actiotope\ model. As they explained in the article, an actiotope consists of the acting individual and the environment with which he or she interacts. The model includes four necessary elements: (1) action repertoire; (2) goals; (3) environment; and (4) subjective action space. These elements are interdependent with each other, co-evolving to reach a dynamic equilibrium. Here, the actiotope model describes all the factors a perfect system needs to work well. In current studies of giftedness, it has heretofore been difficult to find a theory that takes all these factors into account and builds up a perfect framework for developing giftedness. Most researchers focus on either cognitive or non-cognitive abilities. After many years of research and education experiments, however, researchers and… [Direct]

Walters, Garrison (2012). It's Not so Easy: The Completion Agenda and the States. Liberal Education, v98 n1 p34-39 Win. The completion agenda (also referred to as the "reform" movement) is focused mainly on state policy leaders, governors, legislators, and boards of higher education. Complete College America (CCA), a national nonprofit organization established in 2009 to increase educational attainment in the United States, is the standard bearer of the completion agenda. At the core of CCA's strategy is a proposed shift to state-level performance funding: "Funding should shift from simply rewarding enrollment to valuing outcomes, such as credentials awarded or classes successfully completed. Funding is a powerful incentive, and rewarding performance allows states to align their fiscal policies with statewide goals for workforce development and economic prosperity." The strategy would be more accurately described as "pressure-punitive funding," because it is designed to force institutions to change and punish them if they do not. CCA's premise is that colleges and… [Direct]

Saidla, Debie D. (1992). Children's Rights Regarding Physical Abuse. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, v31 n2 p73-83 Dec. Sees children's rights as important arena in struggle for human dignity. Asserts that flagrant violation of rights of the child occurs when he or she is abused by a parent or caretaker. Explains children's rights with regard to physical abuse, outlines various definitions of abuse, and discusses the incidence and consequences of child abuse. Offers prescriptions for action. (Author/NB)…

Bridge, Holly; Cowey, Alan; Jbabdi, Saad; Thomas, Owen (2008). Changes in Connectivity after Visual Cortical Brain Damage Underlie Altered Visual Function. Brain, v131 n6 p1433-1444. The full extent of the brain's ability to compensate for damage or changed experience is yet to be established. One question particularly important for evaluating and understanding rehabilitation following brain damage is whether recovery involves new and aberrant neural connections or whether any change in function is due to the functional recruitment of existing pathways, or both. Blindsight, a condition in which subjects with complete destruction of part of striate cortex (V1) retain extensive visual capacities within the clinically blind field, is an excellent example of altered visual function. Since the main pathway to the visual cortex is destroyed, the spared or recovered visual ability must arise from either an existing alternative pathway, or the formation of a new pathway. Using diffusion-weighted MRI, we show that both controls and blindsight subject GY, whose left V1 is destroyed, show an ipsilateral pathway between LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) and human motion area… [Direct]

March, B. E. (1984). Bioethical Problems: Animal Welfare, Animal Rights. BioScience, v34 n10 p615-20 Nov. Discusses various bioethical issues and problems related to animal welfare and animal rights. Areas examined include: Aristotelian views; animal welfare legislation; Darwin and evolutionary theory; animal and human behavior; and vegetarianism. A 14-point universal declaration of the rights of animals is included. (JN)…

Robert, Sarah A., Ed.; Weaver-Hightower, Marcus B., Ed. (2011). School Food Politics: The Complex Ecology of Hunger and Feeding in Schools around the World. Global Studies in Education, Volume 6. Peter Lang New York The essays in "School Food Politics" explore the intersections of food and politics on all six of the inhabited continents of the world. Including electoral fights over universally free school meals in Korea, nutritional reforms to school dinners in England and canteens in Australia, teachers' and doctors' work on school feeding in Argentina, and more, the volume provides key illustrations of the many contexts that have witnessed intense struggles defining which children will eat; why; what and how they are served; and who will pay for and prepare the food. Contributors include reformers writing from their own perspectives, from the farm-to-school program in Burlington, Vermont, to efforts to apply principles of critical pedagogy in cooking programs for urban teens, to animal rights curriculum. Later chapters shift their focus to possibilities and hope for a different future for school food, one that is friendlier to students, lunch ladies, society, other creatures, and the… [Direct]