(1981). Families at Work: Strengths and Strains. The General Mills American Family Report 1980-81. Fourth in a series of studies on the American family conducted for General Mills Corporation, this publication provides findings from a survey exploring the relationship between work and the family in contemporary society. Specifically, the survey explores how changes in the work force, especially the increase in numbers of working wives and mothers, influence the outlook and activities of families. Conversely, the survey looks at how changes in the family structure shape the needs and expectations of today's workers. The survey is based on telephone interviews, conducted between November and December, 1980, with six different groups: 1503 adults (ages 18 and over) from a national cross-section of American families; 235 teenagers (ages 13-18); 104 human resource executives from the Fortune 1300 companies; 56 labor leaders; 49 family traditionalists (active in the \pro-family\ movement); and 52 feminists (active in key women's rights organizations). Results are discussed in terms of…

Hadley, Paul E. (1981). Ethics in Higher Education. The Third Earl V. Pullias Lecture in Higher and Postsecondary Education. Issues of ethics in higher education, along with a broad overview on the field of ethics, are considered. Ethical concerns include: charges of unfair practices in the recruitment of college students, especially minority athletes; reducing admission requirements to the extent that classroom and even graduation standards may deteriorate; grade inflation; student dishonesty in taking tests and writing papers; student charges that they are being neglected by their professors; the development of standards for freedom of information, sunshine legislation, in contrast to the right of privacy; and the establishment of rules to limit the time full-time faculty members can spend in consultation. Methods or sanctions that have been used to control these practices include: passing affirmative action laws in regard to employment; passing laws to provide ramps to increase access of the disabled to classrooms and offices; maintaining faculty records; monitoring research on human subjects; and…

Helm, June (1976). The Indians of the Subarctic, A Critical Bibliography. The present volume is a strong reminder that culture areas exist in their own right, sprawling across national or tribal territories, and that the range of culture includes more than survival traits. The Indians of the Subarctic have adapted to a physical habitat that imposes taxation in terms of time and energy far beyond the demands of most national governments, but they have preserved universal human qualities of thought and feeling as they found their particular species niche in the natural habitat. Ethnology here must stay within the narrow bounds set by ecology, yet even within so strict a compass there is variation and imagination. This bibliography cites 272 sources and studies in an essay format. The essay is organized by subheadings: basic reference works (identifications and classifications); major ethnographies; prehistory; histories and historical materials; Indian accounts and personal histories; contemporary conditions; Native newsletters and newspapers; traditional…

Hirsh, Wendy; Jackson, Charles; Kidd, Jenny (2001). Practical Tips for Effective Career Discussions at Work. NICEC Guide. This guide draws on findings of research that explored key features of effective career discussions at work in major employing organizations in the United Kingdom. Intended for employees and the wide range of people positioned to offer advice and support on career development, it presents practical tips for these "receivers" and "givers" of career support and ideas on how to encourage effective career discussions. Tips are categorized into four steps, with tips for givers appearing separately from tips from receivers. The left column has tips for givers, the right for receivers. Step 1, setting up the discussion, covers individual responsibility for career, awareness of human resources systems, and preparation. Step 2, establishing trust, addresses agreeing a contract, listening and empathy, and questioning and probing. Step 3, sharing information, discusses information about self and situation, exploring pros and cons of options, questioning and probing, and…

(1989). Student Athlete Right-To-Know Act. Report Together with Minority Views. One Hundred First Congress. First Session. Senate Bill 580, the Student Athlete Right-to-Know Act, requires institutions of higher education receiving Federal financial assistance to provide certain information concerning graduation rates of student-athletes. The report from the Committee on Labor and Human Resources recommends (by a 15-1 vote) to the full Senate that the Bill be passed as amended. It presents the amendment in full and information on the history of the legislation, background and need for the legislation, major provisions of the Bill, votes in committee, cost estimate, the regulatory impact statement, a section-by-section analysis, and a minority view. Justification for the Bill is seen in the poor graduation rate for most student athletes and the small probability that a given student athlete will go on to a professional athletic career. The Bill will require institutions of higher education to report the following: the number of students at the institution, the number of students receiving athletically… [PDF]

(1984). Project to Study Fair-Hearings Practices in Child Protective Services. Final Report: Innovations in Protective Services, September 1, 1982 through August 31, 1984. This project was implemented in 1982 as a result of legal action taken against the Texas Department of Human Resources (DHR) by clients of child protective services (CPS) who alleged that they were not given notice of all services available or of their right to a fair hearing. The goal of the project was to determine whether special fair-hearing policies and practices should be offered to clients, and, if so, how and when. This final report presents a process evaluation of the two-year project's progress toward meeting this goal, describes the methodology used, and concludes that fair hearings should be offered. Major issues addressed by the project, resolutions of these issues, and recommendations about implementing a fair-hearings procedure (Informal Panel Review–IPR) are outlined. The IPR's distinctive features, structure, and function are also outlined. Information about the IPR was distributed to CPS clients in two regions of the state. Structured observations of five IPRs,…

Dambrot, Faye (1983). Beyond Women's Studies: A Program in Gender Identity and Roles at the University of Akron. Created to appeal to the conservative, older, part-time students that make up the school community, the Gender Program at the University of Akron represents a successful effort to broaden the base and impact of women's studies. Developed by a faculty-student committee over 3 years and instituted as an interdisciplinary certificate program in 1981, the curriculum now involves about 10 percent of the student body. Requirements include an introductory course on gender perspectives and either a field placement in an agency such as Planned Parenthood or a practical project. Past projects have ranged from observations of sex roles in Australia to the establishment of the Campus Campaign for Reproductive Rights. Students also choose from a wide variety of interdisciplinary electives such as Biology of Behavior, Sociology of Sex Roles, Human Sexuality, Fatherhood, and Parent Roles, as well as more conventional women's studies courses. While the program has been weakened by failure to…

(1980). Voices for Women. 1980 Report of the President's Advisory Committee for Women. This report presents the recommendations of the President's Advisory Committee for Women, a blueprint for action to complete the unfinished business of bringing equality and fair treatment to the women of the United States. The report is divided into six chapters. Chapter I describes the Committee's mandate, its tasks, and the process that led ultimately to this report. Chapter II presents an overview of the legislative history of The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), sets forth reasons why the ERA is needed, describes recent Federal initiatives, and lists recommendations. Chapters III through IV cover the most critical issues in each of the broad areas of the Committee's agenda: Education, Health, Human Services, and Work and Income Security. Each of these chapters contains an overview of the major issues in the field and a report of what was said about them at the hearings. Issues selected for inclusion were those most frequently raised at the hearings. At the end of the discussion on… [PDF]

Fink, Joel (1981). A Project to Improve Secondary Social Studies Instruction: An Overview of Critical Thinking Skills (Introduction to Social Inquiry, Ethical Development, & Civic Competence). The secondary social studies lessons in this publication are intended to help teachers improve instruction. Lessons are provided for the curriculum areas of social inquiry, ethical development, and civic competence. In the social inquiry lessons, students learn to describe and explain human behavior. In the ethical development lessons, students reason about what is morally right or wrong for an individual person to do. The concern of the civic competence lessons is with the formulation of a policy and law for the society as a whole. For each curriculum area there is an introduction, sample topics and focus questions, and an explanation of the thinking skills emphasized in the lessons. For each thinking skill, there are exercises for practice. Formulating and testing hypotheses are the major critical-thinking skills taught in the social inquiry lessons. The critical-thinking skills taught in the ethical development and civic competence lessons are giving reasons for value positions… [PDF]

Prewo, Wilfried (1994). School-to-Work Transition and High Performance: The German Approach. Paper No. 44. Job training is a powerful tool for growth, but only if embedded in a climate of pro-growth policies that it complements. To attract capital to create growth and jobs, a country has to offer favorable supply side conditions. A skilled labor force is one of several important supply side categories, whose growth effects are strongest when the other supply side conditions are favorable as well. Four reasons for paying special attention to human capital are as follows: trying to be as good as the best; higher wages justified by higher productivity; capital-intensive, labor-saving, technology-intensive production processes that require highly skilled labor; and an educational continuum for those willing to work for lower wages and the academically trained high achievers and everyone in between. German vocational training is a mass apprenticeship system run by the private sector within a public-private partnership. Trainees in all sectors of the economy usually begin training right after… [PDF]

Kehoe, William R.; Kenney, Anne R.; Lawrence, Gregory W.; Rieger, Oya Y.; Walters, William H. (2000). Risk Management of Digital Information: A File Format Investigation. Given the right hardware and software, digital information is easy to create, copy, and disseminate; however it is very hard to preserve. At present, it is impossible to guarantee the longevity and legibility of digital information for even one human generation. Migration can be defined as the periodic transfer of digital materials from one hardware/software configuration to another or from one generation of computer technology to a subsequent generation. In 1998, the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) asked the Cornell University Library to undertake a risk assessment of migrating a handful of common file formats. This report is the fruit of their investigation. It is intended to be a practical guide to assessing the risks associated with the migration of various formats and to making sound preservation decisions on the basis of that assessment. The paper starts from the premise that migration is prone to generating errors and provides practical tools to quantify… [PDF]

Gareau, Marcelle Marie (2003). Colonization within the University System. American Indian Quarterly, v27 n1-2 p196-199 Win-Spr. In this essay, the author provides a word of caution to those in the social sciences where, in the name of "objective science," it becomes easy to render humans into objects. Anthropology, one of the social sciences, has often been referred to as a tool of colonization. The discipline's approach of seeing small communities as laboratories for "scientific" cultural observation has in many instances put Native people in the position of becoming objects of research. Over the years the methods and approaches have changed, but often the mandate is the same: to obtain information from Native people in any manner possible in order to enhance one's career. The author contends that members of the aboriginal community must be aware and informed as to why research is undertaken, how it is performed, and what potential impacts the research will have upon their lives and the communities to which they belong. They also need to exercise their right to say "no" to… [Direct]

Hammond, Lauren (2021). London, Race and Territories: Young People's Stories of a Divided City. London Review of Education, v19 n1. This article examines the relationships between children's everyday lives and geographical education. Drawing on research with five young people in London, the article examines their narratives, analysed as relating to race and territory, critically considering the relationships between children's geographies and the geographies of race and racism in schools. Following hooks, the article begins with the argument that there is value in 'teaching to transgress' to challenge both legacies of imperialism in geography and education, and the inequalities and injustices that many children face. Following this, the article introduces the research, drawing on Aitken to argue the importance of consideration of children's voice, presence and rights in (geographical) education, before sharing the narratives of the young people. The article concludes by arguing for a reconceptualization of how 'the child' is constructed, and valued, in education…. [PDF]

Shibanova, Ekaterina; Stevens, Mitchell L. (2021). Varieties of State Commitment to Higher Education since 1945: Toward a Comparative-Historical Social Science of Postsecondary Expansion. European Journal of Higher Education, v11 n3 p219-238. We provide a framework for integrating sociological and political-historical approaches to the worldwide expansion of higher education in the twentieth century. Doing so enables scholars and policymakers to better identify variation across place and time in how the provision of higher education has been rendered culturally meaningful and politically feasible. We identify three conceptions of state commitment to higher education: as a national asset, a citizen right, and a commodity. The conceptions are not mutually exclusive and can simultaneously animate national cultures and politics. We also suggest a novel periodization of global higher education history from 1945 to the present. Our work serves as an introduction to the seven other articles in this special issue, which consider the twentieth-century evolution of higher education politics and policies in Canada, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and USSR/Russia…. [Direct]

Marks, Melissa J. (2017). Teaching the Holocaust as a Cautionary Tale. Social Studies, v108 n4 p129-135. Teaching about the Holocaust as an atrocity of the 1940s misleads students into thinking that it is a genocide occurred, that the world agreed "Never Again," and that the United Nations would prevent future genocides. With genocides in Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Syria occurring in the years since the Holocaust, teachers need to use the Holocaust as a vehicle for teaching about and preventing future genocides. Five main points need to be taught to students, all of which can be shown in the Holocaust and other genocides, specifically: (1) the meaning of genocide and problems surrounding its early identification; (2) the idea that governments are not always ethical or moral; (3) the effectiveness of propaganda; (4) dehumanization; and (5) using one's voice to stand up against injustice…. [Direct]

Parrott, Sarah (1995). Future Learning: Distance Education in Community Colleges. ERIC Digest. The use of distance learning programs at the postsecondary level is expected to grow throughout the 1990s, with much of the growth taking place in community colleges. As of 1994, 80% of community colleges offered some form of distance education (DE) programs. A 1992 national survey of DE practices reported that broadcast television was the most widely used technology, while a 1990 survey reported that 63% of responding community colleges relied on public television, 49% used educational channels, and 4% offered videotape checkout. Other DE programs are synchronous in nature, using live interactive instruction, audio conferences, and real-time computer communications. A profile of DE students developed in 1988 indicated that, in general, they were over 26 years of age, highly motivated, goal-oriented, and unable to attend the traditional classroom setting. With respect to student outcomes, two studies on distance education from 1992 and 1993 found no significant difference in grade… [PDF]

(1996). Collaborative Lesson Plans. This collection consists of 41 collaborative lesson plans developed by 99 Virginia teachers at 18 primarily High Schools that Work (HSTW) and tech prep sites. It is divided into three sections: career connection, community connection, and consumer connection. Two types of lesson descriptions which support HSTW key practices, and Virginia's Tech Prep goals appear in each section. \Features\ detail the real-world connection, materials needed, activities, and evaluation method. \Ideas\ present a brief description of the activity. Career Connection lessons are as follows: An Account to Remember; Getting Down to Business; Safety First; Sound Check; The American Dream; Blood Typing; Flower Show; Growing, Growing, Grown; Here's Looking at You; Inch by Inch; Newsplash; Paper Planes; Raising the Roof; Shampoo Analysis; Tell Me a Story; and Wild News. Community Connection contains the following lessons: Exploring Culture through Weddings; How an Epidemic Spreads; La Fete de Mardi Gras; Mining… [PDF]

Herendeen, Lisa; Ooms, Theodora (1990). Young Unwed Fathers and Welfare Reform. Meeting Highlights and Background Briefing Report. Report of a Family Impact Seminar (Washington, D.C., November 18, 1988). This report contains highlights of a seminar which focused on young unwed fathers and welfare reform. Comments by these panelists are summarized: Rikki Baum, legislative assistant to Senator Patrick Moynihan; Linda Mellgren, from the Office of Income Security; and Margaret Boeckmann, Director of the Office of Employment Policy, Maryland Department of Human Resources. These topics, discussed at the seminar, are summarized: (1) the Family Support Act of 1988 which strenghthened child support enforcement, required states to use uniform guidelines for child support awards, and established the new Jobs Opportunity and Basic Skills (JOBS) program; (2) the implementation of the Act and how it could affect the population of unwed fathers; and (3) the experience of the Office of Employment Policy in Maryland in conducting a pilot absent parents employment program using state funds. A background briefing report is also included which contains facts about out-of-wedlock childbearing. Facts…

Moore, Nelle (1995). San Juan College Task Force on Innovation 1995 Report. In fall 1994, San Juan College, in New Mexico, established the Task Force on Innovation to examine changes in the paradigm of education and how those changes might affect the college. The Task Force determined that the primary driver of change in education was technology, and specifically the increasing number of means and ease of access to information. The Task Force also identified the following implications of these changes: (1) the role of educational institutions as time- and place-bound settings will change as distance learning brings increased educational opportunities; (2) the nature and expectations of customers will change as people become more sophisticated in the use of technology; (3) these changes will place a financial burden on institutions to keep pace with advances in hardware/software; (4) the role of faculty will also shift in focus from the delivery of content to value added through human contact, group interaction, discussion, and team learning; (5) faculty… [PDF]

Risinger, C. Frederick (1993). Religion in the Social Studies Curriculum. ERIC Digest. This document discusses several aspects of teaching about religion in the public schools. While religion is an important element in many areas of literature, art, and music, the social studies, especially history and civics, provide the best opportunity for including religion in the curriculum. Teaching about religion in public schools is examined from the standpoint of the Constitution's First Amendment clauses regarding freedom of religion, and the prohibition against promotion of religion by government. While the court decisions do not answer all the questions about the role of religion in the public schools, it is clear that the Supreme Court has not prohibited teaching and learning about religion in social studies courses. It is essential that students be taught about religion in human affairs, because many crises throughout the world require an understanding of religious ideas and their impact on history and contemporary thought. Such concepts as nationalism, imperialism,… [PDF]

Kingsley, Chris (1993). A Guide to Case Management for At-Risk Youth. 2nd Edition. A Technical Assistance and Training Series. This guide provides line practitioners, managers, and policy makers with an orientation to the essentials of "client-centered" case management serving young people who require assistance from a variety of service institutions. It focuses on implementation of case management within the context of the federal Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) and its amendments of 1992. The guide's 25 chapters are designed to help the reader do the following: define case management; analyze attitudes and behaviors that contribute to a relationship of trust and cooperation between a case manager and a young person; describe factors that must be present for a young person to be motivated to pursue his/her goals; define and handle assessment; assist young people in goal setting; help a youth solve a difficult problem; develop a service strategy; implement an individual service strategy; follow up on clients; facilitate client independence; understand the importance of formal,… [PDF]

Hanson, J. Robert; And Others (1991). Leadership: Practical Steps toward a Theory of Leadership. Steps toward a theory of leadership must blend needed change with appropriate strategies for implementation. Discussions of leadership must begin with the concept of empowerment, since all leaders are empowerers. The theory that drives empowerment is the theory of individual differences, here based on C. G. Jung's ideas of four main personality styles along dimensions of perception (sensation/intuition) and judgment (thinking/feeling). A starting place is for leaders to understand individual differences and personality styles. To be an empowerer, individual assets and liabilities must first be acknowledged, named, and accepted. The empowerer then needs to relate the powers and liabilities of each colleague to the requirements of the task to be completed. Next it is useful to understand the four ways a leader's power exercises itself, as a dimension of the four main personality styles. Attitudes toward conflict are affected by these personality styles, modified by attitudes of…

Hatteberg, Stephanie Roy; And Others (1992). The Changing Role of Women in Twentieth Century Law Enforcement. A review of 44 studies and references on women in police work showed that for a long time women who had gained access to employment in law enforcement did so only in a very limited sense. It was not until the 1960s that women began to be assimilated fully into the ranks of patrol officers for the first time. With the passage of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 and the amended version in 1972, which included federal, state, and local governments, women finally gained access to jobs in the criminal justice system on equal ground with men. Many of the institutional barriers such as physical strength tests which had prevented women from gaining entrance into law enforcement were eliminated in the 1970s. The slow progression of women's integration into law enforcement may be explained by the fact that administrators have been slow to adapt to structural changes in how law enforcement interacts with society in general. The entrenched belief that superior physical strength is… [PDF]

Fraas, Charlotte J. (1991). Selected Amendments Enacted Since 1980 To Control Guaranteed Student Loan Defaults. CRS Report for Congress. Congress, over the past decade, has enacted a number of laws with provisions aimed at preventing defaults and improving collections on defaulted student loans. This report presents a synopsis of legislative provisions enacted to combat student loan defaults beginning with the Education Amendments of 1980. The laws included in the report are: Education Amendments of 1980, P.L. 96-374; Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, P.L. 97-35; Student Financial Assistance Technical Amendments of 1982, P.L. 97-301; Student Loan Consolidation and Technical Amendments Act of 1983,, P.L. 98-79; Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, P.L. 98-369; Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation of 1986 (COBRA), P.L. 99-272, as amended; Higher Education Amendments of 1986, P.L. 99-498; Family Support Act of 1988, P.L. 100-485; An Act to Amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to Prevent Abuses in the Supplemental Loans for Students Program under Part B of Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, and for… [PDF]

Makus, Anne L. (1986). In the Name of Peace. United States President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev have strongly emphasized in several speeches that their ultimate goal is peace between their respective nations. However, this apparent shared goal has not come about, largely because they lack a common understanding of the meaning of peace. Both have stated that they wish for the elimination of all nuclear weapons some day, but Gorbachev contends that the United States disrupts chances for "fairness and equality" with plans for developing the Strategic Defense Initiative, or Star Wars defense system. Reagan believes that the Soviets interfere with peace initiatives by "interfering in regional conflicts," such as Afghanistan. Hence, their opinions of what will bring about peace are entirely different. More importantly, when Reagan discusses peace, he uses words such as honor, human dignity, faith, courage, and love–essentially, freedom from control. Gorbachev discusses peace as freedom to…

Chamberlin, Bill F.; Trager, Robert (1987). The Dangerous Exception to Protection for Opinion. Since the 1974 Supreme Court dicta in "Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.," many courts have held that statement of opinion is constitutionally protected. However, statements that appear to be opinion based on undisclosed facts or knowledge not generally known to the public can be an exception. For instance, courts have protected specific unfavorable restaurant and book reviews, but refused to protect as opinion a statement by the owner of a baseball team, reported in a newspaper, that the club's former general manager was a "despicable human being." This presents a problem for the media, which may be impeded in debating issues of public concern for fear that the opinions they publish, which had formerly been protected under fair comment, may not be qualified for legal protection. The Restatement of Torts in 1977 attempted to distinguish between "pure" and "mixed" opinions, and a later torts hornbook posited… [PDF]

(1987). Divorce: The Impact on Children and Families. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session (June 19, 1986). This document contains witness testimonies and prepared statements from the Congressional hearing called to examine the impact of divorce on children and families. Opening statements are included from Congressmen George Miller, Dan Coats, and Thomas Bliley. Witnesses providing testimony include: (1) Laurie Dixon, managing editor of "The Pitch" and student at Walter Johnson High School in Bethesda, Maryland; (2) Judith S. Wallerstein, executive director of the Center for the Family in Transition, Corte Madera, California; (3) Gene H. Brody, codirector of the Program for the Study of Competence in Children and Families; (4) Neil Kalter, associate professor, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; (5) Nancy D. Polikoff, director, Child Custody and Child Support Projects, Women's Legal Defense Fund; (6) David L. Levy, president, National Council for Children's Rights; (7) Lenore J. Weitzman, associate professor of sociology, Stanford…

Cooper, Thomas W. (1987). Surreptitious Taping: The Arguments for and the Ethics against. Much discussion within media ethics has focused on the acceptability of surreptitious tape recording of news sources by media professionals. The most common legal and social arguments supporting secret taping assert that recorders "hear" and "remember" better, are expedient and practical, protect against libel suits, provide historical documentation, and are legal in 78% of the United States. In "Nieman Reports," a prime example of the justificatory rhetoric emerging in the media professionals' journals, Theodore L. Glasser argues that secret taping does not invade privacy, is not necessarily antidemocratic or dangerous, and is different from wire-tapping and entrapment. However, deeper questions about interviewing are raised by the negative arguments, which claim that secret taping: (1) preserves greater intimacy between source and reporters than is assumed by the source; (2) forfeits a source's confidentiality and right to speak "off the… [PDF]

(1983). Parental Kidnaping. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session to Examine Available and Proposed Means to Resolve the Cases of Interstate and International Parental Kidnaping. Serial No. J-98-43. This document contains public testimony, prepared statements, and letters from the Congressional hearing on parental kidnaping. Following an opening statement by the committee chairman, Senator Arlen Specter, public testimony is given by representatives of the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice, the Criminal Investigative Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Office of Child Support Enforcement of the Office of Health and Human Services, the Office of the Legal Advisor of United States Department of State, the Milwaukee Municipal Courts, and the Alexandria, Virginia Police Department. Topics which are covered include interstate and international parental kidnaping, legislation, litigation, psychological needs of parents and children, the Hague Conference on Private International Law, and Operation Fingerprint. The text of Public Law 96-611 (of which the Parental Kidnaping Prevention Act of 1980 is a part) is presented, followed by the brief of the Lyons… [PDF]

(1983). Vocational-Technical Education Act of 1983. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session on H.R. 4164 (November 1-3, 9, 1983). This document contains four Congressional hearings on H.R. 4164, the Vocational-Technical Education Act of 1983, to strengthen and expand the economic base of the Nation, develop human resources, reduce structural unemployment, increase productivity, and strengthen the Nation's defense capabilities by assisting the States to expand, improve, and update high-quality programs of vocational-technical education, and for other purposes. Witnesses provide recommendations, reactions, improvements, and suggestions relating to this bill, highlights of which include the focus on updating vocational education programs, the emphasis on high technology training programs operated in conjunction with industry, and the new authorizations for youth with special needs, adult training and retraining, and vocational guidance and counseling. The text of H.R. 4164 appears first. Testimony includes statements, prepared statements, letters, and supplemental materials from individuals representing the… [PDF]