(1980). The Educational System of Costa Rica. Education Around the World. This booklet reviews Costa Rica's educational system, with emphasis on finance, philosophy, administration, and teacher education. The basic educational system consists of a preschool level of at least one year; a general basic education level of nine years (divided into three cycles of three years duration each–the first two cycles represent elementary education and the third cycle completes a student's general education); a more advanced level of two or three years duration, offering options such as health, fine arts, media, sciences and letters, business, industry, and agriculture; and the final level of higher education, which includes preparation of varying duration for professional careers. Funds to administer the educational system are provided by the General National Budget Law. In 1976, the education budget, excluding supplementary budgets for higher educational institutions, represented over 29% of the national budget. Costa Rica's educational philosophy reflects the… [PDF]
(1980). The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in American Schools. The ideal of good citizenship is examined in light of current social and political unrest brought about, at least in part, by the agitation of special interest groups. Emphasis is placed on the role of citizenship education in the schools. The monograph is intended particularly for educators who want to improve citizenship education programs. The document is presented in five chapters. Chapter one identifies the major citizenship education challenge of the 1980s as the conflict between privatism in politics (due to a deterioration of national trust in the political system) and pluralism in education (resulting from attitudes that glorified doing one's own thing and from the belief that authority for education should rest primarily with the diverse pluralistic communities in American society). Chapter two contrasts ideas of citizenship in modern democratic societies and in Greco-Roman republics. Chapter three presents an historical perspective on citizenship education in the United… [PDF]
(1978). Women in Development. The NFE Exchange. Issue No. 13, 1978/3. The NFE Exchange, n13. Presenting an international perspective on non-formal education development efforts for women, this booklet contains (1) an article on women in development, (2) highlights of nonformal education projects for women, and (3) a bibliography of documents and journals on world-side issues related to women in development. The article is an overview of what some aspects of development have meant to women and the varying perceptions of what is needed to assist women and why. Focus is on those issues and features of planning which appear to be shared by programs on all continents and in all sectors. Major topics are the following: the integration of women in development (recognition of their role in society and their potential contribution to national development); planning considerations (research needs, priorities for types of programs, learner-centered approaches, and accessibility); and persistent dilemas (equity and segregation, traditional vs. nontraditional roles, and cultural…
(1998). CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. May 1-29, 1998. CNN Newsroom is a daily 15-minute commercial-free news program specifically produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. These guides are designed to accompany the program broadcasts for May 1-29, 1998. Top stories include: effects of a labor strike on Denmark's economy (May 1); the new currency of the European Union, the "euro" (May 4); attempts at Middle East peace agreements in London (May 5); a new proposal by the United States aimed at jumpstarting the Mideast peace process (May 6); an explosion in space (May 7); an international merger, creating the world's fifth largest automaker (May 8); Sinn Fein approves the Northern Ireland peace agreement (May 11); the international community reacts to nuclear testing by India (May 12); attention on the"Seinfeld" finale (May 13); President Clinton calls for tough sanctions against India for its nuclear testing (May 14); violence over the economic and political situation in Indonesia (May 15);…
(2004). Germany's Opposition to the Iraq War and Its Effect on U.S.-German Relations. Social Education, v68 n4 p285 May-Jun. In a famous comment in January 2003, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld referred to a difference between Old Europe and New Europe. By "Old Europe," he meant mainly the traditional European leaders, France and Germany, which adopted a stance critical of U.S. policy on Iraq. He saw the "New Europe" as consisting of former Iron Curtain countries, now part of the free world, whose leaders supported the U.S. on Iraq. The emergence of the "New Europe" has been a development of great historical significance. It has marked the transformation of Europe from being the world's epicenter of war and destruction in the first half of the twentieth century into a model of international cooperation in the second–something that would have seemed beyond the wildest imagination of anyone viewing the debris of World War II in 1945. Germany is a country that has been at the heart of the move toward European unity. Its policies since World War II have reflected a…
(2005). Acting to End Poverty. Adults Learning, v16 n7 p15-17 Mar. In this article, the author talks about a gathering that was marching through the dusty Brazilian streets of Porto Alegre. 200,000 noisy representatives of civil society from the global South, together with dedicated supporters from more privileged countries like UK, travelled across continents to insist that "another kind of world is possible". For five days of self-managed discussions and workshops, energetic public meetings and marches, inspired cultural action and spirited internationalism, the chance to be part of the 2005 World Social Forum made its vision of another reality seem less like a dream. The World Social Forum in Brazil was the occasion to launch the Global Call to Action Against Poverty. The Global Call to Action Against Poverty represents a worldwide alliance, committed to making world leaders keep their promises, and to making a breakthrough against poverty in 2005. It is not a formal institution but a coming together of hundreds of organisations from… [Direct]
(2024). Public Education as a Contested Site of Struggle. Educational Foundations, v37 p2-20. Public education reflects the ideas that various stakeholders hold about relationships between schooling and society and the forms of knowledge that are deemed most socially valuable (Kliebard, 2004; Spring, 2016). Public education can be used to support human flourishing and the cultivation of skills needed for civic participation in democratic society (Freire, 2001; Giroux, 2012, 2016; Watkins, 2012);it can also be used to advance economic and political ideologies that do not enhance the human condition (Spring, 2016). As a valuable tool for gaining public consensus (Giroux, 2012; Watkins, 2001), public education is a contested site within which stakeholders struggle over questions of worthwhile knowledge (Kleibard, 2004; Shubert, 1986). The term 'culture wars' is often used as a descriptive metaphor for chronicling historical and contemporary struggles over national culture that are waged by competing social groups in the United States (Alfonseca, 2023; Hartman, 2015). Within the… [Direct]
(2019). The Sun Sets on Old England: Contradictions in Conservative Educational Policy. Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education, v26 n3 p321-331. The article describes the increasing discrepancy between the curriculum policies of the Conservative government and the policy directions argued for by business organisations and other advocates of a human capital perspective in education. It traces some of the origins of the current Conservative preference for cultural rather than economic goals in this area of policy, and suggests a new understanding of the relationship between neoconservative and neoliberal thinking on the educational right. It argues that a return to ideas and practices developed in the late twentieth century offers a basis for curriculum policy more productive than either human capital theory or Conservative traditionalism…. [Direct]
(2024). Education and New Developments 2024 — Volume 1. Online Submission This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2024), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and… [PDF]
(2024). Education and New Developments 2024 — Volume 2. Online Submission This book contains the full text of papers and posters presented at the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2024), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS). Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and… [PDF]
(2000). Domestic Violence against Women and Girls. Innocenti Digest 6. Women and children are often in great danger in the place where they should be safest within their families. For many, home is where they face a regime of terror and violence at the hands of somebody close to them somebody they should be able to trust. Domestic violence is a health, legal, economic, educational, developmental and, above all, a human rights issue. This digest looks specifically at domestic violence, and the term "domestic" includes violence by an intimate partner and by other family members, wherever this violence takes place and in whatever form. The digest builds on the research carried out by the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre for an earlier digest on "Children and Violence." It looks at the magnitude and universality of domestic violence, and its impact on the rights of women and children. Noting that women worldwide continue to suffer violence with estimates varying from 20% to 50% from country to country, the digest contends that this toll…
(1987). Recent Activities against Citizens and Residents of Asian Descent. Clearinghouse Publication No. 88. This report describes some recent examples of racially motivated conduct directed against Asian Americans, and identifies factors that contribute to them. The report reviews the following sources of information: (1) literature on the topic; (2) hearings by local human rights agencies; (3) data from the Bureau of the Census, the Office of Refugee Resettlement, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service; (4) state laws on racially motivated crimes; and (5) field investigations in eight states and the District of Columbia. Chapter 1 is an overview of early, discriminatory legislation and other activities directed against Asian immigrants and Americans of Asian ancestry in the United States. The chapter also examines more recent legislation liberalizing the immigration laws. Chapter 2 describes the geographic distribution of persons of Asian descent and their socioeconomic status relative to that of Whites. Chapter 3 discusses factors that contribute to racially motivated activities… [PDF]
(2023). Beyond Our Tribe: Developing a Normative Sense of Group-Transcendent Fairness. Developmental Psychology, v59 n7 p1203-1217 Jul. Human beings naturally prefer and support ingroup members more than outgroup members, but to what extent do we "morally value" equal treatment to ingroups and outgroups? Across four preregistered studies, we examined the development of "group-transcendent fairness," that is, the moral endorsement of allocating resources equally to ingroup members and outgroup members. We found that when allocating common resources to ingroup and outgroup members, American adults (N = 549) thought it was morally right to allocate equally instead of giving more to their family, political, or minimal ingroup members, across high and low stakes (Study 1). This normative sense of group-transcendent fairness develops gradually: 4- to 6-year-olds tended to endorse ingroup favoritism, whereas by age 8 or 9 children endorsed intergroup fairness (Studies 2-3, N = 214). Adults from China (N = 200)–a culture that values ingroup loyalty–also endorsed intergroup fairness as morally right,… [Direct] [Direct]
(2023). Formative Assessment and Student Understanding of Structure-Function. Advances in Physiology Education, v47 n3 p615-624. The structure and function relationship is a core concept identified by physiology faculty. Prior research has shown this may be a difficult concept for students to understand. Formative written assessments, such as short answer essay questions, allow students to demonstrate their thinking by encouraging students to use their diverse ideas to construct their responses. Varying the context of a question, such as the inclusion of a scenario, may be used to provide insight into the different stages of students' emerging biological expertise. Short answer questions based on the core concept structure[left right arrow]function were administered to students in a junior level General Physiology course and a sophomore level Human Anatomy and Physiology course at a large southeastern public university. Questions were based on the integumentary, muscular, digestive, and cardiovascular systems. Student responses were scored with a conceptual rubric developed for each question prompt as well as… [Direct]
(2006). A National Perspective for Cultivating Working Relationships between Educational Researchers and Institutional Review Board Members. Online Submission, Lamar University Electronic Journal of Student Research v3 Spr. The purpose of this article is to set forth some fundamental guidelines for educators to develop a working relationship with Institutional Review Board members. The authors identify ways to prevent a strained environment from developing so that positive relationships can be established among key players whose role is to ensure that educational research proceeds in a manner that respects the rights of human subjects…. [PDF]