(1996). From Poverty to Exclusion: A Wage-Earning Society or a Society of Human Rights?. International Social Science Journal, v48 n2 p173-89 Jun. Maintains that spreading poverty in Europe has weakened social cohesion and now threatens the construction of the European Community. Initially centered on issues concerning the distribution of resources and goods, the discussion increasingly has focused on the breakdown of social relationships and the question of citizen's rights. (MJP)…
(1997). Victims, Perpetrators, Bystanders, Activists–Who Are They? Who Are You? Focus on Human Rights. Canadian Social Studies, v31 n2 p66-69 Win. Reviews the moral issues and political circumstances of the Holocaust. Identifies four prototypical participants and discusses their role and actions in terms of personal decisions. These are: Victims, Perpetrators, Bystanders, and Activists. Concludes with a call for individuals to examine their own efforts at combatting bigotry and hatred. (MJP)…
(1989). The Role of Information in the Realization of the Human Rights of Migrant Workers. International Migration Review, v23 n1 p105-19 Spr. Reports on the international Joint Study, supported by UNESCO, attended by scholars and experts from 14 European countries, Australia, Canada, and the U.S. Focuses on the communication situation of a migrant worker community. Describes position papers presented, and final conclusions and recommendations. (MW)…
(2002). Ignorance Only: HIV/AIDS, Human Rights, and Federally Funded Abstinence-Only Programs in the United States. Texas: A Case Study. Human Rights Watch, v14 n5 Sep. This report contends that programs teaching teenagers to "just say no" to sex before marriage are threatening adolescent health by censoring basic information about how to prevent HIV/AIDS. The report focuses on federally funded "abstinence-only-until-marriage" programs in Texas, where advertising campaigns convey the message that teenagers should not use condoms because they don't work. Some school-based programs in Texas do not mention condoms at all. Federal health agencies share the broad scientific consensus that condoms, when used correctly, are highly effective in preventing the transmission of HIV. Yet the U.S. government currently spends more than $100 million each year on "abstinence-only-until-marriage" programs, which cannot by law "promote or endorse" condoms or provide instruction regarding their use. This report concludes that federally funded abstinence-only programs, in keeping with their federal mandate, deny children basic… [PDF]
(2011). Evidence for Motor Planning in Monkeys: Rhesus Macaques Select Efficient Grips when Transporting Spoons. Developmental Science, v14 n4 p822-831 Jul. McCarty and colleagues (1999) developed the elevated spoon task to measure motor planning in human infants. In this task, a spoon containing food was placed on an elevated apparatus that supported both ends of the spoon. The handle was oriented to the left or right on different trials. We presented naive adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with the elevated spoon problem, and observed how monkeys learned the affordances of spoons over sessions. Strikingly, monkeys developed two different strategies for efficient spoon transport in just 12 to 36 trials. In subsequent testing with a novel double bowl spoon approximately 1 year later, monkeys demonstrated that they were attending to the baited spoon bowl and continued to select efficient grips for transporting the spoon. Monkey data were contrasted with previous studies in human infants using a perception-action perspective in an effort to understand the fundamentals of tool use and motor planning that may be common in the development… [Direct]
(2014). END 2014: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Madrid, Spain, June 28-30, 2014). Online Submission We welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2014, taking place in Madrid, Spain, from 28 to 30 of June, 2014. Education, as an important right in our contemporary world, began since we exist. Knowledge and skills were passed by adults to the young, and cultures began to extend their experiences through various forms. Schools and academies were formed since the most ancient civilizations. Although between innumerous difficulties, these experiences were capable to teach us how to develop better formative effects and to turn education a generalized and global right. Formal education and other educational practices are used by all of us in the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. This international conference seeks to provide explore the processes, actions,… [PDF]
(2015). Proposing Ethical Practice Standards for Community-Engaged Research in Health Education. American Journal of Health Education, v46 n2 p61-66. "The Belmont Report" was written in 1979 to address the abuse of human participants in biomedical research. In the report, three ethical principles were described: (1) "beneficence," which describes an act of charity or kindness that maximizes possible benefits while minimizing possible harms; (2) "justice," described as a method of just and fair decision making where individuals are treated equally and fairly; and (3) "respect for persons," which recognizes the power of an individual to make independent decisions through ensuring their rights to receive protection if they are unable to do so. These ethical principles led to federal regulations that are almost universally adopted today by researchers and used by institutional review boards (IRBs) to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of research participation for potential human participants. These principles are epitomized by concepts such as informed consent, risk-benefit analysis,… [Direct]
(2011). Right Hemisphere Dominance for Emotion Processing in Baboons. Brain and Cognition, v75 n2 p164-169 Mar. Asymmetries of emotional facial expressions in humans offer reliable indexes to infer brain lateralization and mostly revealed right hemisphere dominance. Studies concerned with oro-facial asymmetries in nonhuman primates largely showed a left-sided asymmetry in chimpanzees, marmosets and macaques. The presence of asymmetrical oro-facial productions was assessed in Olive baboons in order to determine the functional cerebral asymmetries. Two affiliative behaviors (lipsmack, copulation call) and two agonistic ones (screeching, eyebrow-raising) were recorded. For screeching, a strong and significant left hemimouth bias was found, but no significant bias was observed for the other behaviors. These results are discussed in the light of the available literature concerning asymmetrical oro-facial productions in nonhuman primates. In addition, these findings suggest that human hemispheric specialization for emotions has precursors in primate evolution. (Contains 1 figure and 2 tables.)… [Direct]
(2010). The Open World: Access to Knowledge as a Foundation for an Open World. EDUCAUSE Review, v45 n4 p60-62,64-68 Jul-Aug. The change brought about in the networked information environment is deep and structural, in a way that has the potential to empower cultures left out of the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the author stresses that it is fundamental for individuals to understand, from a developing nation's perspective, how the Internet changes the capacity of knowledge production, distribution, and access and how this affects access to knowledge, education, scientific innovation, and development, since \technological capacity, technological infrastructure, access to knowledge, and highly skilled human resources become critical sources of competitiveness in the new international division of labour.\ The open world gains a much broader and empowered meaning over its original political context when it is restated as part of an individual's right to participate within the knowledge society. The right to access to the Internet and the right to make and distribute content should not be held solely by business… [Direct]
(2013). Making the Right Decisions: Leadership in 1-to-1 Computing in Education. International Journal of Educational Management, v27 n3 p260-272. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to detail the necessity for more informed decision making and leadership in the implementation of 1-to-1 computing in education. Design/methodology/approach: The contexts of high-tech countries of Singapore and Japan are used as case studies to contextualize and support four evidence-based recommendations for "true", "principled" and "right" leadership in technology integration in educational institutes. Findings: The cases of Singapore and Japan reveal different stages of technology implementation in education. Singapore has a broad, government-backed vision for technology integration and has invested heavily in infrastructure and human capital. However, the paper highlights how the benefits of 1-to-1 computing are not easily recognizable in practice and its implementation does not fit well into schools' strategic plans. Japanese education, on the other hand, has low technology utilization in its schools and… [Direct]
(2018). Learning to Realize Education's Promise. World Development Report, 2018. World Bank Every year, the World Bank's World Development Report (WDR) features a topic of central importance to global development. The 2018 WDR–"Learning to Realize Education's Promise"–is the first ever devoted entirely to education. And the time is right: education has long been critical to human welfare, but it is even more so in a time of rapid economic and social change. The best way to equip children and youth for the future is to make their learning the center of all efforts to promote education. The 2018 WDR explores four main themes: First, education's promise–education is a powerful instrument for eradicating poverty and promoting shared prosperity, but fulfilling its potential requires better policies–both within and outside the education system. Second, the need to shine a light on learning: despite gains in access to education, recent learning assessments reveal that many young people around the world, especially those who are poor or marginalized, are leaving… [PDF]
(2010). When Do We Simulate Non-Human Agents? Dissociating Communicative and Non-Communicative Actions. Cognition, v115 n3 p426-434 Jun. There is strong evidence that we automatically simulate observed behavior in our motor system. Previous research suggests that this simulation process depends on whether we observe a human or a non-human agent. Measuring a motor priming effect, this study investigated the question of whether agent-sensitivity of motor simulation depends on the specific action observed. Participants saw pictures depicting end positions of different actions on a screen. All postures featured either a human or non-human agent. Participants had to produce the matching action with their left or right hand depending on the hand presented on the screen. Three different actions were displayed: a communicative action (emblem), a transitive (goal-directed) action and an intransitive action. We found motor priming effects of similar size for human and non-human agents for transitive and intransitive actions. However, the motor priming effect for communicative actions was present for the human agent, but absent… [Direct]
(2013). "Upbuilding Examples" for Adults Close to Children. Studies in Philosophy and Education, v32 n5 p515-532 Sep. Both in formal situations (as school teachers, football trainers, etc.) and in many, often unpredictable informal situations (both inside and outside institutions)–adults come close to children. Whether we intend it or not, we continually give them examples of what it is to live as a human being, and thereby we have a pedagogical responsibility. I sketch what it could mean to let ourselves "be built up", in a Kierkegaardian sense, on the foundation of unconditional love, presupposing that this love is possible for "all" human beings. Kierkegaard's "Upbuilding discourses" invite each reader to engage in a dialogue with the possibilities in the text. Thereby the reader may become aware of his or her present situation in life and see possible alternatives. These discourses or "talks" ("taler" in Danish) exemplify a manner of indirect communication which perhaps may be transferred to encounters with works of art in general: How… [Direct]
(2013). The Vestiges of Brown: An Analysis of the Placements of African American Principals in Florida Public Schools (2010-2011). ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Florida Atlantic University. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the relationship between a school's percentage of African American students enrolled and the placement of an African American principal for all of Florida's K-12 traditional public schools during the academic year 2010-2011. This study also sought to determine if this relationship was moderated by each school's level, size, letter grade, socioeconomic status (FRL), gender of principal, as well as gender and race of the presiding district superintendent. Lastly, the relationship between each moderator variable and the placement of African American principals was examined. The ultimate objective was to determine if limited opportunities still widely exist in the placement of African American principals throughout Florida. Data were collected and analyzed using quantitative methods for 2,705 schools that served as the units of analysis. Using correlational analysis, the study found that a significantly positive and moderately strong… [Direct]
(2013). A Womb with a Political View: Barbara Park's "MA! There's Nothing to Do Here!" Prenatal Parenting, and the Battle over Personhood. Children's Literature in Education, v44 n4 p326-343 Dec. This essay makes the case that Barbara Park's picture book "MA! There's Nothing to Do Here!: A Word from Your Baby-in-Waiting" (2008) adds another equal-parts absurdist and alarming item to the ever-growing responsibilities of expecting mothers: ensuring that their fetus is entertained. The messages that Park's narrative sends about fetal needs, however, have implications that extend beyond individual mothers; they also encompass larger societal issues concerning the origins of human life, the embryonic capacity for discomfort, and the existence of "fetal children." Given the way in which "MA! There's Nothing to Do Here!" ascribes thoughts and emotions to an unborn baby, the narrative engages with current highly-politicized questions about the rights of the unborn and the debate over personhood. The fetus in Park's text may be ostensibly complaining about being bored in the womb, but he is making a far more powerful, if tacit,… [Direct]