(2009). Event-Related fMRI Studies of Episodic Encoding and Retrieval: Meta-Analyses Using Activation Likelihood Estimation. Neuropsychologia, v47 n8-9 p1765-1779 Jul. The recent surge in event-related fMRI studies of episodic memory has generated a wealth of information about the neural correlates of encoding and retrieval processes. However, interpretation of individual studies is hampered by methodological differences, and by the fact that sample sizes are typically small. We submitted results from studies of episodic memory in healthy young adults, published between 1998 and 2007, to a voxel-wise quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation [Laird, A. R., McMillan, K. M., Lancaster, J. L., Kochunov, P., Turkeltaub, P. E., & Pardo, J. V., et al. (2005). \A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the stroop task.\ \Human Brain Mapping, 25\, 6-21]. We conducted separate meta-analyses for four contrasts of interest: episodic encoding success as measured in the subsequent-memory paradigm (subsequent Hit vs. Miss), episodic retrieval success (Hit vs. Correct Rejection), objective recollection (e.g., Source Hit… [Direct]
(2009). The Study of Foreign Languages Abroad: Mastery and Results. Russian Education and Society, v51 n4 p29-49 Apr. Knowing a foreign language is of crucial importance in ensuring the effectiveness of an education abroad. Essentially, the practice of teaching and mastering a foreign language serves as a means of intercultural communication, a conduit of interaction in a new sociocultural environment, and a mediator through which to assimilate new norms and models of behavior. One's assimilation of the cultural traditions and mastery of social norms and rules, as well as models of behavior in the country where one is staying, all come about first and foremost through mastery of the language of that nation. All stages of learning (preliminary acquaintance with the foreign language and the culture of the nation while in Russia, the initial practice of interacting in a foreign language, an individual's adjustment to a new environment, long-term immersion in the foreign cultural context, and a thorough mastery of conversational and other forms of the foreign language) are all aspects that essentially… [Direct]
(1977). Oversight on the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Handicapped of the Committee on Human Resources, U.S. Senate, 95th Congress, First Session. Presented is testimony given before the Subcommittee on the Handicapped of the Senate Committee on Human Resources regarding the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act. Statements are included from representatives of such agencies and organizations as the National Association for Retarded Citizens, American Occupational Therapy Association, Epilepsy Foundation of America, United Cerebral Palsy Association, and the National Association of Coordinators of State Programs for the Mentally Retarded. (CL)…
(1987). Alternative Reproductive Technologies: Implications for Children and Families. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session (May 21, 1987). A hearing was held for the purpose of receiving testimony about alternative reproductive technologies and their implications for children, families, and society. Testimony provided: (1) a comparison of in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer, and trends in in vitro fertilization; (2) a summary of definitions, statistics, and the human and financial costs of infertility; (3) an argument for addressing underlying social causes of infertility; (4) a discussion of the Vatican's position on the human dignity of the child and the integrity of marriage and the family, and application of these principles to federal policy on in vitro fertilization; (5) an exploration of the implications of married couples' rights to reproduce coitally in relation to rights of infertile couples to use noncoital techniques to procreate; (6) recommendations for state and federal legislation; (7) a consideration of the role of federal and state laws and how they should develop in relation to… [PDF]
(1980). Student Rights in Newfoundland and the United States: A Comparative Study. Official policies concerning students' rights in Newfoundland and in the United States are examined, and standards of justification for students' rights are discussed. A questionnaire was sent to each school district superintendent in Newfoundland and to 100 selected superintendents in the State of Wisconsin. The response rate from Newfoundland was 66%; from the United States, 56%. The superintendents were asked to indicate policies concerning students' rights to free speech, free press, association membership, personal appearance and behavior, reasonable punishment, privacy, due process, and academic matters. Results showed that, in spite of the many U.S. Supreme Court rulings on student rights, only in the area of due process do over 50% of the Wisconsin school boards have an officially adopted policy. In Newfoundland, even fewer school boards have official policies. The study concludes that many current standards of justification for students' rights–i.e., the student as a…
(1986). Can Hemispheric Lateralizaton Be Used as a Predictor of Success for Black Women in College Mathematics Courses?. Research supports the premise that various mathematical topics can be categorized as being performed better by the left or right brain hemisphere. Hemispheric lateralization is defined as a learner's preferred hemisphere of control. Torrence's \Human Information Processing Survey\ was given to 170 black female college students enrolled in Precalculus I (college algebra), Precalculus II (trigonometry, vectors, conics, and complex numbers), or Analysis I (beginning calculus for mathematics/science majors) to measure lateralization preference. Overall course grade was used to measure mathematical success/failure. Using a dichotomous left/right lateralization classification, descriptive statistics indicated that successful Precalculus I students were usually left dominant while unsuccessful students were usually right dominant. Successful Precalculus II students tended to be right dominant, while unsuccessful students were usually left dominant. No lateralization differences were…
(1991). Differences in Recall of Pictures and Words as a Function of Hemisphericity. Differences between left and right hemispheric subjects in recalling information presented as pictures and words were studied. The hemisphericity of 133 college students (37 males and 96 females) was identified using the Human Information Process Survey. These subjects were shown 25 concrete nouns individually either as pictures or words. The data were evaluated using analysis of variance by hemisphericity, modality, gender, and age groups, respectively. The differences between left and right hemispherics on pictures and words did not quite reach statistical significance, although the trend was indicative of previously reported findings. There were significant differences when pictures and words, respectively, were shown to left and right hemispherics. In both cases, picture information was recalled much better. Left hemispheric women recalled more words than did right hemispheric women, and women were generally left hemispheric. The 2 older age groups, 21 through 29 years, and 30…
(1979). Children's Rights; Contemporary Perspectives. This volume emerged as an outgrowth of a conference on Children's Rights and Child Advocacy held at Teachers College, Columbia University, in June of 1977. The contributors include child advocates from the fields of law, education, psychology, and government. The writers maintain several focal points in their papers. Central to their arguments is an acknowledgment of the child as a human being, as an individual to be respected, and as one who is greatly influenced by his or her environment. A second point of focus is on the struggle for an articulation of what the rights of children should be from a humanistic as well as a legalistic perspective. A third crucial issue is a consideration of the guarantee of children's rights. A fourth theme is crisis prevention and prescriptive child advocacy measures. The concluding chapter is devoted to providing an opportunity for children to express their thoughts and feelings about children's rights. (Author/IRT)…
(1988). Confusion in Education: Teachers' Issues Regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the Classroom. A discussion is presented on the problems and conflicts that arise over the question of admitting children with Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) to the school classroom. Legal, educational, and ethical questions are involved, including the applicability of federal statutes regarding the handicapped, the right to confidentiality, public safety, and health education. These issues are addressed through an examination of the literature on education, bioethics, and law. While common law guarantees the right to an education, the state may impose certain restrictions to protect public health. However, federal statutes regarding the handicapped provide HIV-infected children with access to regular classrooms, and privacy and confidentiality are safeguarded by federal statute. Drawing from commentary from 1981 to the persent, a sound structural basis for curriculum development for education on HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered. This includes suggestions for… [PDF]
(1980). Cerebral Asymmetry for Aspects of Language Processing. In a previous study, subjects that heard a monaurally presented two-clause sentence immediately followed by a probe word (identical word recognition) were faster at recognizing the probe as a sentence word with their left ears than with their right ears. This result suggested that the right ear was particularly efficient at transforming linguistic, auditory stimuli into an abstract representation of meaning. In a replication of this earlier study, 20 college students completed either the task for identical word recognition or a task requiring semantic matching (saying a synonym). As predicted, the structural task produced a left ear advantage similar to the earlier results, while the semantic task produced a right ear advantage. Right/left ear reaction times varied as a function of both task and the position of the target word. Right ear responses exhibited particular difficulty with recognizing words in initial clauses, while the reaction times between the left and right ears for… [PDF]
(1978). Lifeboat Counseling: The Issue of Survival Decisions. Journal of Rehabilitation, 44, 3, 34-6, Jul-Aug-Sep 78. Rehabilitation counseling, as a profession, needs to look at future world possibilities, especially in light of overpopulation, and be aware that the need may arise for adjusting basic assumptions about human life–from the belief that every individual has a right to a meaningful life to the notion of selecting who shall live. (DTT)…
(1993). Predictors of Dental Students' Belief in the Right to Refuse Treatment to HIV-Positive Patients. Journal of Dental Education, v57 n9 p673-79 Sep. A study found that, among 181 dental students, belief in the right to refuse treatment to human-immunovirus (HIV)-positive patients was best predicted by nonprofessional attitudes, low optimism, low level of comfort with homosexuality, and gender. Knowledge of HIV, year in dental school, and fear of contagion were not reliable predictors. (Author/MSE)…
(1993). Formative Correctional Education: A Process of Reformation and Transformation through Evocation of the Heart of Being. Journal of Correctional Education, v44 n2 p92-99 Jun. Suggests that educators are called to define and describe truth more foundationally than before if they are to facilitate existence that is right, just, and correct. Describes the shift from the Newtonian model of what it means to be human to a more Einsteinian understanding and its requirement of more formative learning processes. (Author/JOW)…
(2000). Science and the Law. Issues in Science and Technology, v16 n4 p49-51 Sum. Explaines the role of the Carnegie Commission which was formed to explore the relationship between the disciplines of science, technology, and the law. Discusses concerns about the individual right of privacy in projects such as the Human Genome Project. Focuses on the panel on Science, Technology, and Law which was established in 1999. (YDS)…
(2001). Public and Professional Constructions of Mental Retardation: Glen Ridge and the Missing Narrative of Disability Rights. Mental Retardation, v39 n6 p436-51 Dec. This article discusses a court case of an adolescent labeled retarded who was sexually assaulted. It examines implications of being spoken about and of others speaking for the labeled person. It then considers how a disability rights/People First framework could shift public and professional understandings and responses to human abuse. (Contains references.) (CR)…