(1999). The Relationships between Navigational Patterns and Informational Processing Styles of Hypermedia Users. This study investigated the relationships between hypermedia users' information processing styles and navigational patterns. Three aspects of navigational patterns were investigated: navigational depth patterns that reveal how comprehensively users access; navigational path patterns that display what sequences users follow; and navigational method patterns that show what methods users employ when using the system. Subjects were 102 undergraduate students enrolled in management courses. Information processing styles were measured by the Human Information Processing Survey. Thirty-four students were selected for each of left, right, and integrated information processing style groups. The subjects interacted with the A.g.i.l.e. Resource(TM) trainer program to complete open-ended and closed-ended tasks. Significant differences were found among groups in navigational depth patterns; right dominant information processing style subjects accessed significantly more new nodes than left… [PDF]
(1986). Being Human: A Handbook in Human Growth and Development for the Developmentally Disabled. The handbook is intended to provide practitioners with information on establishing and organizing a Human Growth and Development program in agencies and facilities which provide training to developmentally disabled persons. The handbook discusses the legal foundation (Florida law) for establishing the program as well as specific methods for teaching Human Growth and Development skills. The first chapter considers habilitation planning for human growth and development with sections on the human growth and development matrix (with domains of social identify, physiological identity, and health/hygiene) organized by six difficulty levels and behavioral indicators: goal development, evaluation of goals, implementing the habilitation plan, short-term objectives, lesson plans, and teaching methods. Chapter two looks at policies and support systems with an emphasis on Florida and includes sample agency policy statements on masturbation and privacy. The third chapter examines legal…
(2007). Brain Systems for Assessing Facial Attractiveness. Neuropsychologia, v45 n1 p195-206. Attractiveness is a facial attribute that shapes human affiliative behaviours. In a previous study we reported a linear response to facial attractiveness in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a region involved in reward processing. There are strong theoretical grounds for the hypothesis that coding stimulus reward value also involves the amygdala. The aim of the present investigation is to address whether the amygdala is also sensitive to reward value in faces, indexed as facial attractiveness. We hypothesized that contrary to the linear effects reported previously in OFC, the amygdala would show a non-linear effect of attractiveness by responding to both high and low attractive faces relative to middle attractive faces. Such a non-linear response would explain previous failures to report an amygdala response to attractiveness. Human subjects underwent fMRI while they were presented with faces that varied in facial attractiveness where the task was either to rate faces for facial… [Direct]
(1985). Toward a Normative Theory of Freedom of the Press. In considering the possibility of a normative theory of freedom of the press, this paper examines arguments about such freedom in the Third World and elsewhere. Some of the arguments discussed in the paper are derived from the theories of John Locke and Karl Marx; others are drawn from the concepts of divine rights, elitism, liberal democracy, and capitalism. The paper considers these arguments against a background of cultural, religious, social, and human issues. (HOD)…
(2004). Two Peas in a Pod?: A Case of Questionable Twins. Journal of College Science Teaching, v33 n4 p23-27 Feb. Based on an actual event, this case study focuses on problems associated with reproductive technologies. It tells the story of the \Jones\ who, after in vitro fertilization, discovered that their fraternal twins were less similar in appearance than one would expect two brothers to be. Students work in teams to unravel the mystery using DNA profiling. Related issues include the right to medical information, the implications of human error, and racism. (Contains 2 figures.)… [Direct]
(2003). Autonomy and Vulnerability: On Just Relations between Adults and Children. Legal and political theorists strive at expanding the scope of children's rights to cover further areas of their lives and choices. This paper suggests that this effort is misguided, and that the protection of children requires instituting adults' obligations, rather than broadening children's rights. Contrary to the common theoretical and societal tendency to focus on just and efficient ways of turning children into specific types of adults (most commonly citizens), the paper defends a view of children and childhood as deserving equal respect to adults based on regarding childhood not as an impediment, but rather as the first of many steps that make up human life. It presents the argument for just relations between the two social groups, adults and children relying on philosophical, psychological, and educational theories. The paper shows the contextuality of the conception of childhood and describes some of the basic elements of the contemporary Western conception of childhood. It… [PDF]
(2010). Religion and Spirituality. International Advances in Education: Global Initiatives for Equity and Social Justice. IAP – Information Age Publishing, Inc. Religion and spirituality make critical contributions to an inclusive vision for the welfare of minorities, the marginalized and other disadvantaged groups in societies and cultures around the globe. Religious movements and spiritual traditions work to improve social outcomes for disenfranchised groups by enriching educational, political, and social agendas, and by providing a wide variety of justice-driven programs and services. Values underpinning these services include the dignity of the human person, the sanctity of human life, the foundational role of families and communities, the transformative power of learning, and the advancement of shared personal and social rights and responsibilities. These values act as a counter-balance to other attitudes and values that may impede pro-social cohesion and development. Drawing on diverse religious and spiritual perspectives and traditions, this new volume provides exciting and enriching examples of theory, research and practice that… [Direct]
(2008). Use of Absolute and Comparative Performance Feedback in Absolute and Comparative Judgments and Decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, v107 n1 p60-74 Sep. Which matters more–beliefs about absolute ability or ability relative to others? This study set out to compare the effects of such beliefs on satisfaction with performance, self-evaluations, and bets on future performance. In Experiment 1, undergraduate participants were told they had answered 20% correct, 80% correct, or were not given their scores on a practice test. Orthogonal to this manipulation, participants learned that their performance placed them in the 23rd percentile or 77th percentile, or they did not receive comparative feedback. Participants were then given a chance to place bets on two games–one in which they needed to get more than 50% right to double their money (absolute bet), and one in which they needed to beat more than 50% of other test-takers (comparative bet). Absolute feedback influenced comparative betting, particularly when no comparative feedback was available. Comparative feedback exerted weaker and inconsistent effects on absolute bets. Absolute… [Direct]
(1972). Economic Aspects of Higher Education Taken Under the World War II Bill of Rights. Final Report. The aim of this thesis is to bring to bear the concepts, tools, and theories of human capital and human resources economics to evaluate the Federal Government's massive involvement in higher education under the World War II GI Bill of Rights. The major findings include estimates of total human capital formation by education, both during and after the war by veterans, and estimates of how large the stock of post-service college education would have been had the schooling of ex-servicemen not been subsidized under the GI Bill. Regression analysis is used to explain the variance in earnings for veterans, and special emphasis given the earnings-education relationship, and the impact on that relationship on the timing of schooling in relation to military service. Finally, rates of return to college for typical veterans are calculated from two viewpoints: private rates of return without the GI Bill subsidy; and rates of return to total resource investment. (Author)…
(2005). "Turning the Ebbing Tide": Knowledge Flows and Health in Low-Income Countries. Higher Education Policy, v18 n3 p231-242. In many developing countries, the value of knowledge is in its capacity to save and enhance human lives. The absence, loss or restriction of such knowledge impacts at the lowest levels of disadvantage and poverty, in death and disease. Essential components of an effective health service are medicines and skilled human resources. This paper highlights the restricted availability of these resources–a situation that arises because of deliberate policies that adversely affect knowledge flows towards the poor. We focus in particular on intellectual property rights and the mobility of highly educated health professionals (the "brain drain") and how the ensuing knowledge flows affect health systems and their ability to respond to the often worsening health situation in many countries, particularly in the context of HIV/AIDS. We conclude that urgent steps need to be taken to address the facilitators of human resource outflows and the inhibitors of intellectual capital inflows in… [Direct]
(2004). Exploring Reality: Cultural Studies & Critical Thinking. Liberal Education, v90 n3 p26-31 Sum. Americans seem to be living in a moment in the United States when there?s some profit to be had from casting cultural beliefs, values, and knowledges into strictly oppositional frames. So, even though the author believes we are all right now suffering from some dire consequences of that habit, to begin, almost in mimicry, to address the issue of cultural analysis by way of a kind of Manichean scenario. On the one hand, there are some people out there who still believe that we can have access to some fundamental and obvious reality, an empirical natural world that is theoretically open to our unmediated knowledge if only we persevere long enough. But, they believe, the essential clarity of such a reality is then muddied and confused by all the things that we humans do, socially and culturally. For some of them, the core reality even includes a human nature,too, one that would shine through all the varieties and differences wrought by human cultures, upbringings, histories…. [PDF] [Direct]
(2004). Content Guidelines for an Undergraduate Human Resources Curriculum: Recommendations from Human Resources Professionals. Journal of Education for Business, v80 n2 p80-85 Nov-Dec. In this study, the authors surveyed 445 human resources (HR) professionals to determine their views regarding the HR curriculum content that will lead to graduates' success in entry-level (first-job) HR positions. Ninety-eight questionnaires (22%) were returned. Respondents identified five topics–equal employment opportunity/affirmative action (EEO/AA), employee rights and responsibilities, recruitment, selection, and compensation–as most important. They considered internship experience to be more valuable than professional human resource certification and indicated that HR curricula should reflect workplace and societal trends, general business understanding, and communication and teamwork skills. For HR curriculum development, the authors suggest a \niche\ approach that provides in-depth training in some common HR functions, along with training in communication and teamwork skills. (Contains 2 tables.)… [Direct]
(1976). The Bilingual Bicultural Child and Special Education. Report of the Arizona Identification Model Task Force. This service model on special education for bilingual, bicultural handicapped children features the Arizona Task Force recommendations to local education agencies, to colleges and universities, and to human service organizations. A list of Task Force participants, introductory material, and a list of definitions are followed by information and recommendations for local education agencies; these cover: the rights of bilingual/bicultural children and their parents concerning special education services; guidelines for child-centered processes related to the provision of special education services; suggestions regarding parent and community involvement; specific preparation needed by special education paraprofessionals; special education services for children in rural/remote areas; and funding and resource necessities for implementation of Task Force recommendations. Recommendations to the Arizona Division of Special Education cover training of school personnel, services for…
(2000). Parent-Infant Communication and the Neurobiology of Emotional Development. The interactive creation of an attachment bond of affective communication between the psychobiologically attuned primary caregiver and the infant is central to human emotional development. These emotional transactions directly influence the experience-dependent maturation of the infant's early developing right hemisphere, which is in a growth spurt in the first year-and-a-half of life and is dominant for the first 3 years of life. This paper examines attachment processes and emotional communications, the neurobiology and psychobiology of attachment, and the organization of an attachment regulatory system in the right brain. The paper notes that, as opposed to a secure attachment, early misattuned interactional environments generate an insecure attachment and a right brain regulatory system that is limited in its capacity to cope with stress. This neurodevelopment outcome represents a high risk for later-forming emotional disorders. It is suggested that Early Head Start interventions… [PDF]
(1989). AIDS and Education–Why? Why Not?. Every child who enters the doors of the nation's school system deserves an education, including children with AIDS. Parents of AIDS-free children fear that the AIDS-infected child in the classroom threatens the health and safety of the general school community. But according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, casual contact with AIDS patients does not place others at risk of contracting the illness. A child with AIDS is considered handicapped and thus is entitled to all the legal rights that a handicapped student possesses. These rights include the right to receive a free and appropriate education with the same variety of programs and services that children without handicaps enjoy and placement in the least restrictive environment with nonhandicapped children (mainstreamed) whenever possible. According to the legal community, educators are in direct conflict with the nation's laws if they refuse to educate the AIDS afflicted child; therefore, teachers must comply…. [PDF]