(1987). Toward a Hierarchical Processing Model of Audio Advertising Messages. Research shows that information received by one brain hemisphere (e.g., auditory messages entering the right ear) is processed and transferred to the other, interpretation being a combination of right and left brain processing, with high intensity messages shifting control from the left to the right brain. If information is received by one hemisphere in isolation from the other (e.g., monaural reception inhibited by cross-ear masking), the opposite hemisphere must rely on input from the first hemisphere as if it were the same information it would normally receive from the ear. Hence, the analyses may be skewed by the different semantic and syntactic style of each hemisphere. In P. MacLean's concept of a hierarchical "triune brain"–three evolutionary brains stacked vertically–auditory messages are normally first processed by the R-Complex brain, reinterpreted by the Paleomammalian brain, and finally integrated and processed according to social rules and the logic of human… [PDF]
(1981). Competition for Left Hemisphere Resources: Right Hemisphere Superiority at Abstract Verbal Information Processing. A study tested a multiple-resources model of human information processing wherein the two cerebral hemispheres are assumed to have separate, limited-capacity pools of undifferentiated resources. The subjects were five right-handed males who had demonstrated right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH) superiority for processing a centrally presented verbal memory load and a nonsense syllable naming task in which the syllables were presented to either visual field. The subjects were paid according to their accuracy during both single and dual-task trials, with the payoff on the latter varied to induce more attention to the memory task, to the visual field naming task, or to both. Under moderate to heavy memory loads, the subjects who had shown large RVF single-task performance advantages for naming nonsense words showed larger performance decrements on RVF trials than on LVF trials in the dual-task situation; that is, both naming task and memory performance were superior when the…
(1976). There is No Philosophy of Health Education! Rather. . . Our Strength and our Weakness is in the Many. There is little hope that any single philosophy of health education will emerge to become dominant in the foreseeable future. Rather, our culture encourages a range of philosophical assumptions, valuing diversity more than consistency. It is the assumption of this brief paper that most perspectives or philosophical positions can be represented best in the form of a continuum implying that a number of positions can be taken between the two extremes. The first of these is titled, "What do you want to happen?" The far left is labeled thinking/decision-making, and the far right is labeled specific behavior change. This can lead to another continuum that reflects some basic assumptions about the nature of the human individuals who are educated. This is labeled, "What should be the focus of health education?", with behavior reinforcement on the left of the continuum and behavior on the right. An increasingly important philosophical difference arises from a trend in… [PDF]
(1973). Communication Rights of Mankind: Present and Future. The right of man to communicate is likely to be a concern of the Speech Communication Association for some time to come. The communication era promises to unfold in the period from 1970 to 2020–the next five decades. The communications models of the future will emphasize both transmitting and receiving capacities and will be concerned with the effects of communication between cultures, including future shock, cultural shock, and communication shock. The specification of communication needs would be useful to the engineer who designs the communications technology, the statesman who shapes the policy, and the educator who designs the curricula that anticipate the future of human communication. (RB)… [PDF]
(1984). Eleanor Roosevelt: First Lady as Magazine Journalist. Although Eleanor Roosevelt's career as a magazine journalist has been all but forgotten, it was an important part of her public activity while she was First Lady from 1933 to 1945. In contrast to ideas then current, Mrs. Roosevelt insisted on her right to earn money from her magazine work while in the White House. There is also evidence that her magazine career was based more on her status than on the substance of her output. An analysis of the more than 60 articles she placed in general-interest magazines with national circulation was based on two criteria: (1) the degree to which they served as political propaganda for the administration of her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and (2) the kind of advice and guidance they offered American women as they sought to cope with social change. Her articles contained an important political dimension either through obvious partisan advocacy or by humanizing her husband's administration through use of human interest material. Her advice to… [PDF]
(2005). State Efforts to Comply with Federal Child Welfare Reviews. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Second Session (May 13, 2004). Serial Number 108-54. US House of Representatives The focus of this hearing is on State efforts to comply with Federal child welfare review requirements related to safety, permanency, and child and family well-being. This document commences with the Advisory of May 6, 2004, announcing the hearing. This is followed by witness testimonies from: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Honorable Wade F. Horn, Assistant Secretary for Children and Families; U.S. General Accounting Office, Cornelia M. Ashby, Director, Education Work force and Income Security Issues; New Jersey Department of Human Services, Edward E. Cotton; and Maryland Department of Human Resources, Honorable Christopher McCabe. Statements submitted for the record are then presented from: Honorable Joe Baca, a Representative in Congress from the State of California; Child Welfare League of America; Anita M. Crowley, Wichita Falls, Texas; Family Rights West Virginia, Keyser, West Virginia, Christina M. Amtower; Fostering Results, Mike Shaver, Chicago, Illinois;… [PDF]
(2006). Critical Curriculum Design for Blended Learning in Higher Education: The Strategies, Principles and Challenges of Interactive Classroom Management. Online Submission The main purpose of this article is to introduce a critical curriculum design approach for bringing curriculum change for Blended Learning in higher education. Furthermore, the strategies, principles and challenges of this approach are also presented. This paper provides a perspective on such serious concerns as whether curriculum change should start with professors, administrators, learners, education communities and/or professional reformers at local, state and national levels. Also, this paper includes treatment of the Radical Constructivists' view of blended learning with merging Media Richness Theory. The author hopes that it emphasizes the importance of considering a wide range of situations in implementing curriculum change, of matching innovation with the realities of the interactive classroom management in higher education. Besides, the authors' intention in this paper is to discuss the rights of learners and professors by fostering the courtesy, confidentially and human… [PDF]
(2006). Online Learning: E-Learning Fast, Cheap, and Good. Performance Improvement, v45 n1 p18-24 Jan. There is a variation of e-learning, used mainly in academic settings, that can be a valuable intervention tool for the performance technologist. It is often referred to as online learning. In the performance improvement field, this term is often used interchangeably with synchronous e-learning, but there are some major differences between these two learning interventions. Those differences may help the human performance improvement practitioner create a more time- and cost-effective learning intervention when the performance analysis indicates that the need and the right learning environment exist. While e-learning can be a powerful learning intervention for the performance technologist in both its synchronous and asynchronous formats, it suffers from a number of problems in both design and implementation. This article explores an e-learning format that combines aspects of both synchronous and asynchronous e-learning. This hybrid methodology maintains many of the advantages of… [Direct]
(2006). Further Comments on the Researched, Researchers and Ethics Committees: A Response. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, v31 n3 p189-191 Sep. Evident from the responses to the author's paper is the fact that other researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have had cause to consider the issues that contribute to the complexities of involving people with intellectual disabilities, who may not be able to provide their own consent, in research. Comments by Aman and Handen, Ramcharan, and McVilly and Dalton provide both contrasting and complementary perspectives on how to achieve a balance between ensuring that people with intellectual disability are not exploited, and promoting their right to participate in research, even when the benefits may not be direct or immediate. The responses converge on three issues which are discussed in this article: (1) possible solutions to the dilemmas of informed consent; (2) the relationship between researchers and Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) or Institutional Review Boards (IRBs); and (3) the need to investigate ethics committee review processes and… [Direct]
(1983). Her Space, Her Place: A Geography of Women. Resource Publications in Geography. Presented from a geographical perspective, this book examines major themes of human geography by drawing from the literature on feminism. The book is arranged into four parts. Part 1 examines sex ratios throughout the world, geographical distribution of female rights and status, spatial patterns of the Equal Rights Amendment ratification, the geography of disparity (inequality in educational level, income, and/or mortality), and spatial patterns of abortion rates and contraception practices. Part 2 analyzes transportation, migration, and the spread of innovations from one locale to another. Part 3 focuses on women's attitudes toward the environment and discusses sex differences in environmental perception, barriers preventing women from traveling freely, attitudes toward distant places, and the question of whether sex differences in environmental attitudes are innate or learned. Part 4 looks at women's role in changing the natural landscape, food production, the built environment,…
(1980). Designing a Good Graph. Although computer graphics professionals usually consider only technical graphic design issues, recent improvements may make the only limiting design factors the user's purpose, imagination, style, and taste rather than computer hardware or software technology. Computer graphics designers can be helped to avoid pitfalls by understanding the visual processing functions of the brain and the way humans perceive graphs. Graphics should be designed to enhance analysis by the right brain to avoid misleading and confusing visual effects. For example, unnecessary labeling and grids and poorly chosen line weight distract the right brain's visual perception. In this case, visual impact may be enhanced by minor layout changes. Although technical problems may still affect adaptation of information to a display medium, computer graphics designers should learn to study visual effects and have a computer-based tool available to allow experimentation with such effects during the initial design…
(1984). WCOTP Report of Activities, 1983-1984. This report covers the two-year period following the 1982 Assembly of the World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession (WCOTP), and summarizes proceedings of the 1984 Assembly held in Lome, Togo (August 3-9). The report deals with: (1) action taken to implement resolutions of the 1982 Assembly of Delegates; (2) representations to, and relations with, major international organizations; (3) development of policy; (4) defence of teachers' individual and collective rights; (5) communications and publications; and (6) regional programs and development assistance. The 1984 Assembly resolution on the theme topic, The Role of Technical and Vocational Education in Human, Social and Economic Development, is presented. Policy statements are presented on: (1) trade union rights; (2) education, training and access to employment for young people; (3) apartheid; (4) education of the disabled; and (5) school libraries. Non-theme resolutions and draft non-theme resolutions are…
(1982). Cerebral Dominance: Its Use in Understanding Learning Styles and Behavioral Patterns. Studies of the human brain suggest that cerebral dominance, the preference for either the right or the left hemisphere to direct the body's behavior, plays a causal role in distinctive learning styles and behavior patterns. The two halves of the brain are physically almost identical at birth, but childhood experiences which utilize one hemisphere more than the other provide \training\ and result in the dominance of different modes of thought, i.e., sequential, verbal, analytic and logical for the left hemisphere and holistic, visual, metaphoric and intuitive for the right hemisphere. When the integration of the two hemisphere functions does not take place, a strong or extreme preference for one mode over another can result in learning and behavior problems. Tools are available to aid those in the helping professions identify hemisphere preference, e.g., the Cerebral Dominance Observation Guide, measurements of reaction time and eye movements, and a dichotic listening test. Helping…
(2001). Structural-Developmental Theory and Children's Experience of Nature. How do people whose identities appear so deeply connected to the land they love engage in environmentally harmful activities? This paper explores this question, presenting selected research on children's moral relationships with nature and examining the boundaries of the moral domain to more precisely delineate relations between moral constructs. Findings from five studies using structural-developmental interviews are presented. Study participants included black children and parents from a poor Houston community, Brazilian children in urban and rural parts of the Amazon jungle, and children and young adults in Lisbon, Portugal. The paper identifies anthropocentric and biocentric reasoning in the studies, finding the latter more common in older than in younger children. The paper finds that biocentric reasoning appeals to a larger ecological community than anthropocentric reasoning and uses justifications based on the intrinsic value of nature and nature's rights. The paper notes… [PDF]
(1977). An Education Strategy for the Right Hemisphere of the Brain. Scientific discoveries concerning the bimodal functioning of the human brain have influenced the creation of a visual literacy methodology program at Iowa State University for future art teachers. Student teachers plan and prepare visual lesson plans designed to reverse the traditional pedagogical reliance on faculties dominated by left hemisphere functions–verbal reasoning, logic, analysis–and to explore and promote skills operating in the right hemisphere of the brain–holistic comprehension, simultaneity, intuition, metaphor. Photographic materials assembled to make a well-formed visual statement are given to students, who are told that these materials are the instructions for their next art assignment. Students are faced with the problems of perceiving the general intent of the visual formation and of constructing a process approach for themselves in response. Mutal satisfaction between teacher and student that the response has been true to the student's unique perception… [PDF]