(1975). The Role of the Limbic System in Human Communication. Linguistics has chosen as its niche the language component of human communication and, naturally enough, the neurolinguist has concentrated on lateralized language systems of the cerebral hemispheres. However, decoding a speaker's total message requires attention to gestures, facial expressions, and prosodic features, as well as other somatic and visceral nonverbal communication channels over and above the sentences uttered. Speech is normally produced within a matrix of behavior patterns output both by intentional and by automatic nonverbal communication systems. The neural structures responsible for this nonlinguistic communication develop early in human ontogeny and evolved in phylogeny before language. To fully understand language and its neural substrata, the scope of the neurolinguist's concern must be broadened to include the entire range of subcortical and cortical systems responsible for human communication of all types and levels. Especially relevant is the "limbic…
(2006). Purpose of Adult Education. Online Submission The purpose of this conceptual paper was to propose an ultimate goal and purpose for the field and practice of adult education. A literature search was conducted to delineate historical philosophies of education that inform the current state of education, including adult education. Furthermore, building upon the rudiments of adult education extant an end goal for the field is presented. The conceptual proposal emphasizes the critical need for the pursuit of foundational truths in the human experience. This is akin to notions of Essentialism and Perennialism. This paper contends that adult education can significantly assist humanity by July preparing adults to more effectively, efficaciously, realistically, and wisely interface the epochal markers in earthly existence. Thus, in order to commence such a litany of admirable traits in adulthood, it is proposed that adult education must involve itself in the business of acquiring and propagating information that leads to, integrates with,… [PDF]
(2006). Education as a Discipline of Thought and Action: A Memorial to John Wilson. Oxford Review of Education, v32 n2 p253-264 May. The late John Wilson has long been a champion of education as a human undertaking with an integrity of its own, as distinct from one that is essentially subordinate to extrinsic interests and influences (e.g. religious, political, commercial). He has also been a fearless critic of forms of thinking that he regarded as failing to articulate adequately that integrity. In keeping with this view he has boldly argued that the philosophy of education must be conceived and practised as a \sui generis\ activity. In this memorial essay I am keen to show that Wilson is right, and crucially so, in arguing that education is a field of action in its own right and in maintaining that the philosophy of education is a \sui generis\ activity. I am also keen to illustrate however, that Wilson is wrong in decisive respects in how he conceives of the \sui generis\ character of the philosophy of education and in the restricted understanding of education as a practice that flows from this conception…. [Direct]
(1984). Education and Criminal Justice: The Educational Approach to Prison Administration. The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners do not express the basic principle that would support a serious educational approach to prison administration. The crucial missing rationale is the concept of the inherent dignity of the individual human prisoner. This concept has certain basic educational implications, culminating in the concept of education directed to the development of the total human personality. Such a concept is quite foreign to contemporary approaches to prison administration. In actual practice, prison education is seen as a tool of incarcerational technology. Prison education, which normally includes both academic and vocational programs inside prison walls, is mostly of inferior quality. Most prison authorities attach little value to conventional educational programs, and the idea of rehabilitation is largely being abandoned. The role of the prison is often reduced to the protection of society. A case for prison education should be… [PDF]
(2004). \You Love All that Exists… All Things Are Yours, God, Lover of Life…\ A Pastoral Letter on the Christian Ecological Imperative. Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice, v8 n1 p34-43 Sep. This article presents a pastoral letter issued by the Social Affairs Commission of the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops at the Feast of St. Francis of Assisi in October, 2003. The topic of this pastoral letter is how the beauty and grandeur of nature touches everyone, and how each person can develop the right relations with nature and with other human beings. The authors of this letter state that Christian communities, inspired by St. Francis of Assisi, should provide positive recognition and support to environmentalists, farmers, educators, and solidarity activists who have begun to show the way forward. \What Can Christians Do to Protect the Environment?\ is appended. (Contains 28 endnotes.)… [PDF]
(1975). National Communication Systems; Some Policy Issues and Options. Reports and Papers on Mass Communication No. 74. To assist policy-makers with the establishment of national communications policies and the harmonization of institutional policies as part of national development planning, policy issues and options are identified and discussed. The functions of communication in society are defined and the structure of the system detailed, with descriptions of point-to-point communication, the mass media, interpersonal communication and supporting services and human resources. The implementation of communications policies examines the socialist approach, public investment, mechanisms for social control, media ownership, financial constraints and incentives and control of media content. Protection of private rights and communication planning and coordination are also discussed. A list of references is appended. (SK)…
(2005). On Persistent Pursuits of Self-Interest. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities (RPSD), v30 n3 p163-167 Fall. From the author's perspective, self-determination is characteristic of all humans regardless of their capabilities, disabilities, or idiosyncrasies. It is evident when they act on their circumstances to get what they need or want and when they persist in those pursuits until situations change in the right direction for them. It is accurately represented by the phrase \persistent pursuits of self-interest,\ and by how they regulate their expectations, choices, and actions to engage those pursuits. In this article, he offers additional thoughts on the issues of choice, the self, control, research interventions, and capacity versus opportunity that were raised by several articles on self-determination. (Contains 1 table.)… [Direct]
(2006). Environmental Degradation, Disproportionality, and the Double Diversion: Reaching out, Reaching ahead, and Reaching beyond. Rural Sociology, v71 n1 p3-32 Mar. Rather than seeking ivory-tower isolation, members of the Rural Sociological Society have always been distinguished by a willingness to work with specialists from a broad range of disciplines, and to work on some of the world's most challenging problems. What is less commonly recognized is that the willingness to reach beyond disciplinary boundaries can contribute not just to the solution of real-world problems, but also to the advancement of the discipline itself. This point is increasingly being illustrated in studies of environment-society relationships. Most past discussions of humans' roles in environmental problems have focused on overall or average human impacts, but rural sociologists have played leading roles in identifying what I have come to call \the double diversion.\ First, rather than being well-represented by averages, environmental damages are often characterized by high levels of \disproportionality\, with much or most of the harm being created by the diversion of… [Direct]
(2010). Reflections on a Life in Teaching. i.e.: inquiry in education, v1 n1 Article 6 Apr. In this article, William Ayers reflects on his teaching experiences starting in 1965 when he found that teaching, from his first day until the present, has been linked for him to the persistent longing for freedom, and the never-ending quest for justice. He describes the "Children's Community"–"an experiment in freedom and integration"–housed in a shabby church basement where he began his work. From here he took his students on a multitude of field trips to get them to think and to be bold and adventurous. Trips became a big-letter statement about the centrality of first-hand experience as adventure and investigation and learning. Later in that turbulent and propulsive decade, Ayers became an organizer for the East Side Community Union in the Lakeview section of Cleveland, Ohio. The Community Union was an extension of the Southern Civil Rights Movement into the North–a grass-roots effort to organize disenfranchised and marginalized citizens of the ghetto into a… [PDF]
(1987). Ethics in Today's World. Proceedings, Anniversary Conference, Illinois Teacher of Home Economics (30th, Champaign, Illinois, April 11-14, 1987). Presentations and panel discussion papers are provided from a conference on ethics, specifically in regard to home economics education. Presentations include \Education for an Ethical Society: Transforming Moral Education, Insuring Domestic Tranquility\ (Jane Martin); \Taking Our Ethical Responsibilities Seriously as Home Economists\ (Margaret Arcus); \Ethics in Home Economics Curriculum\ (Janet Laster); \Ethical Dilemmas in Serving Both Public and Private Spheres\ (Virginia Moxley); \'Deep' versus 'Shallow' Ecology: The Search for an Environmental Ethic\ (George Kieffer); \Science and Ethics\ (Edith Baldwin); \Ethics, Home Economics, and Development Education\ (Gladys Gary Vaughn); \Ethics in Today's World\ (Margaret Herrmann); \Ethical Considerations in Development Education\ (Sally Williams); \Asking the Right Questions: Analyzing Ethical Issues in the Human Services Professions\ (Samuel Nickols, Sharon Nickols); \Teaching Values in Education\ (Robert Berdahl); \Human Development…
(2005). Artful Biology Projects. Science Teacher, v72 n1 p26-29 Jan. While teaching science in an alternative arts high school, the author continuously addresses the challenge of welcoming creative, right-brained students into the world of systematic inquiry. Busily mixing paint colors, choreographing futuristic dances, performing comedic theater, and practicing the banjo, the students rarely initiate authentic science endeavors. In this article, the author assigns two arts-based science projects to bridge the gap between students' artistic reality and scientific possibilities. These two projects focus on immunology and human evolution. Immunology lends itself to a guided inquiry lesson in which students receive specific direction regarding the nature and content of their projects. Students completing artwork related to human evolution explored the subject via an open inquiry format. These lessons guide students through diverse avenues of creative thought that lead to a common understanding of science principles. Based on their success with these… [Direct]
(1983). Ethical Guidelines for the Teaching of Psychology in the Secondary School. These guidelines are intended to assist high school psychology teachers in safeguarding the rights and welfare of students and experimental subjects while promoting high-quality instruction. There are three sets of guidelines. The first set deals with the use of animals in school science behavior projects. The major goal of such projects should be educational, i.e., they should teach about research procedures and introduce students to ethical issues in animal care and research. These guidelines do not apply to supervised student work in research laboratories. The second set of guidelines deals with the use of human participants in research or demonstrations conducted by high school students. And, finally, ethical guidelines for high school psychology teachers are presented. Complex ethical issues may be involved in experiments with human participants, experiments with animal subjects, self-disclosure in class discussions or activities, and questioning of personal or social values…. [PDF]
(2000). The Anguish of Leadership. Despite their prominence, the voices of superintendents are rarely heard regarding their personal triumphs and challenges in educational administration and serving the needs of students. Chapter 1, "A Look at the Featured Superintendents," introduces 14 superintendents and reviews their careers. Chapter 2, "The Good: Dealing With Tough Issues By Doing Right," presents their reflections on the leap to superintendency and how they tackled tough problems they encountered during their careers. Chapter 3, "The Bad: Putting Rocks in Your Pockets," captures the superintendents' viewpoints on many career changes, and examines the issues which complicate leadership. Chapter 4, "The Ugly: The Human Toll of Leadership," explores the human toll of superintendency on both the employee and their family. Chapter 5, "Words From the Wise," provides the collective wisdom regarding preparation for superintendency, changes in school boards, and other… [PDF]
(1993). Valuing Diversity: The Primary Years. Noting that children who learn to accept and value human diversity will develop the open, flexible approach to life that is needed in today's world, this book examines ways to help young children learn to appreciate cultural diversity in the classroom. Following introductory chapters on the value of diversity and a child's right to the valuing of diversity, the first part of the book examines educational goals and describes a unique, unfolding perspective on education that values human diversity. Commitments teachers must make to themselves and their communities are also discussed. This section includes guidelines for selection of learning materials and activities as well as ideas for a well-rounded environment. The second part suggests ways to expand familiar teaching strategies and curriculum ideas with other appropriate resources to create a truly integrated approach to learning and teaching. The third part includes a list of over 100 children's books and recordings, a resource… [PDF]
(1982). Origins of Contemporary Feminism: Source of Difficulty for the Equal Rights Amendment. A survey of the methods of three feminist organizations offers general explanations for the failure of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Limited to the emergence phase (1966-70) of the organizations, the survey examines the National Organization of Women (NOW), the Feminists, and the Women's Equity Action League (WEAL) in terms of their definition of the major obstacle to be confronted, central goal, blueprint for the future, and methods of communication within and without their organizations. NOW specified sex discrimination as the major obstacle. Its goal was to reform the legislative status of women to ensure future equality. For the Feminists, man and his oppressive institutions were to be overcome. The goal was revolution and future equality for all human beings. WEAL perceived its major obstacle as sex discrimination. Its central goal was "responsible rebellion" with a view toward dignity for all humans. The groups' forms of discourse consisted of brochures, general… [PDF]