(1983). Teachers' Regulation of the Classroom. The nature of teachers' control in classrooms is explored in order: to understand the tension created when noneducators superimpose their rules on the regime of teachers at work and to learn something of a general nature about the antagonism between regulators and those they regulate. Teachers' regulatory powers are based on coercion, exchange, or authority. Coercion heightens antagonism to a regulatory regime in the classroom, whereas exchange (the \purchase\ of student compliance) tends to corrupt the regime. The only recourse left is the development of authority–a moralized means of control that transforms teachers' might into right and students' obedience into duty. When outside sources, such as the courts, have an effect on school authority, the moral basis of local classroom authority may be threatened. Outside officials must develop the prudence and eloquence to preserve traditional organizational purposes while imposing new demands. Regulation is political in the sense that… [PDF]
(1988). Welfare Reform. Hearing before the Committee on Finance. United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, Second Session (February 4, 1988). Part 3 of 3. This hearing, the third of three on welfare reform, focuses on the problem of child support and ways to improve the current system. One child in four now lives with a single parent; these children must receive the support that they are due. The hearings also focused on the problems of unemployed parents, and how the welfare system can help prepare welfare recipients for the long term through training, education, and job placement. Among the witnesses were the following: (1) Jeff Bingham, Senator, New Mexico; (2) Thad Cochran, Senator, Mississippi; (3) Jim Mattox, Attorney General, Texas; (4) Pierce A. Quinlan; (5) Gerald W. McEntee, American Federation of State and County Municipal Employees; (6) Regina S. Lipscomb, West Virginia Department of Human Services; (7) Carl B. Williams, Greater Avenues for Independence; (8) Cindy C. Haag, Utah Department of Social Services; (9) Robert G. Williams, Policy Studies, Inc.; (10) Robert Greenstein, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; (11)… [PDF]
(1980). Parental Kidnaping. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives, Ninety-Sixth Congress, Second Session. This record of a Congressional subcommittee hearing on parental kidnapping begins with an introduction to the problems of approximately 25,000 children, who are abducted each year by a parent in violation of child custody and visitation court orders following divorce proceedings. Various legal technicalities are noted, including that parents are exempt from criminal prosecution under the federal kidnapping statute, i.e., when a parent kidnaps a child and takes him/her to another state, that state is not bound by the child custody decree issued in the first state. Several Congressional members introduce legislation to combat the problem of child snatching and describe experiences of their constituents who were victimized by child snatching. Testimony is provided by a panel of witnesses, comprised of members of Children's Rights Inc., a non-profit organization addressing the problems of child snatching as well as parents of kidnapped children. The motives of parental kidnappers are… [PDF]
(1978). Human Services for Mexican-American Children. A compilation of five readings uses the Chicano perspective to analyze the interaction between Mexican American families, their children, and the institutions charged with the child welfare concerns of the society, and to attempt to reverse the existing negative and destructive views that lead to insensitive and ineffective services. A variety of strategies are suggested for policy makers and practitioners charged with serving the needs of Mexican American families and children: an eclectic approach to casework practice; emphasis on bilingual communication skills; awareness of ethnicity; and individualization of all interactions. Andres Tijerina provides a brief historical account of the patterns of strength and cultural loyalty of the Mexican American family. Guadalupe Gibson presents an overview of the child welfare concerns of Mexican Americans and the problems encountered by those who try to serve them. Marta Sotomayor addresses the critical issues in human service delivery to…
(1978). Community Organization and Mental Health; The Woodlawn Experience. A paraprofessional training program designed to provide community controlled mental health services to the Woodlawn community of Chicago, Illinois, is described in this monograph. The neighborhood and The Woodlawn Organization (T.W.O.A), a self help project formed in early 1960, are described from an historical perspective. Some of the areas discussed in this history include the primarily black community's relationship with the adjacent University of Chicago, urban renewal and model cities, relationships between the community and local businesses, tenants' rights, the public school system, and social services. The goals and founding principles of the Woodlawn mental health program (co-sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and T.W.O.), as well as training activities designed to meet these goals are outlined. The competency based curriculum developed by T.W.O. to train community mental health leaders is presented. The program contains seminar, practicum, and individual study…
(1981). Empathy and Assertive Communication. A review of communication research was conducted to (1) describe and clarify the nature of empathy, (2) investigate the construct of assertiveness, (3) posit a possible relationship between empathy and assertiveness, and (4) provide possible suggestions for future research. The literature indicates that conceptualizations of empathy primarily stress an orientation toward others, while assertive communication most often places an emphasis upon the self. Although first analyses indicate a negative relation between the two constructs, empathy and assertiveness do share some essential defining characteristics. Both constructs are conceptualized as ways to facilitate human understanding, both entail recognition of another individual's thoughts and feelings, and both involve the notion of appropriateness and flexibility in manifesting empathic and assertive communication. Some research even offers \empathic assertion\ as a specific type of assertiveness to be used in appropriate… [PDF]
(1968). Patterns of Development in Thought and Values of Students in a Liberal Arts College: A Validation of a Scheme. Final Report. As a contribution toward understanding intellectual and moral growth in late adolescence in a pluralistic society, a developmental scheme representing an evolution in forms of thought and values was abstracted from students' reports of their experience. The raw data consisted of transcripts of recorded \open\ interviews held with volunteer students at Radcliffe and Harvard Colleges at the end of each college year. Two samples were used. Of the 9 \positions\ in the scheme's main line of development, the first 3 represent a simple right-wrong structure and their adjustment to diversity, the middle 3 trace the move to a generalized relativistic structure in which students face the issue of identity through personal commitment in a relative world, the last 3 represent stages in the growth of commitment. Included in the scheme are 3 conditions of delay or alienation expressing defection from the main line. Testing the validity of the scheme, judges rated interviews under 4 conditions…. [PDF]
(1973). The Ethnic Factor in the Future of Inequality. The paper analyzes how the attempt to assimilate ethnic groups into American society has contributed to social, economic, and political inequality. The hypothesis is that the official model of classical sociology has blinded us to a vast range of social phenomena which must be understood if we are to cope with the problems of contemporary America. While not often explicit, the American ideal that ethnic groups should be incorporated into the melting pot has created a society in which many observable forms of inequality are perpetrated. This stratification analysis extends the concept of poverty beyond the narrow limits of income to include political and personal relations. Among issues addressed are immigrant history, social acceptance, power and elitist vs. minority perspectives on education, religion, opportunity, and self-concept. A theory of ethnicity is advanced which explains ethnic identification as an integration of belongingness, self-esteem, the need for community… [PDF]
(1975). Proceedings of the Patterns Seminar (Rochester Institute of Technology, April 10-11, 1975). Patterns, v2 n1 May. This document contains the proceedings of a seminar concerned with the systematic development of the concept of life-long learning. The three most critical issues were identified as the adult learner, organization, and finance. Five major addresses and the reports of the workshops on the three issues are presented. Keynote speaker E. E. Dubois presents the concept of "androgogy"–adult education methodology–as a basis for human resources development. This concept calls for a new breed of adult educator, the manager of instruction. S. M. Grabowski looks at community needs assessment for colleges and suggests a needs identification and implementation process based on a dynamic operational philosophy for the college. J. Freeman explains the methods of Xerox Learning Systems and outlines an approach to college-industry cooperation in industrial training. H. Lisson reviews the relationship between education and industrial training and describes a "typical" industrial… [PDF]
(1975). Student Activism and Political Socialization: A Causal Model of Socialization Stages and Adult Left-wing Politics in the United States and Japan. The relative influence of stages of political socialization on the adult political orientation and activities of former American and Japanese student activists is examined. A causal model of the stages of political socialization, including family and school, student activism, and adult roles, is compared with the political fate of student activists who participated in the 1960 antisecurity treaty movement in Japan and the civil rights movement in the American South. The results indicate that student activism in college is the best predictor of adult politics in both countries. Family and early school political socialization are only weak predictors of future adult politics. Adult political socialization can be either a facilitator or a constraint for maintaining political commitments. In the United States, career choice has no direct effect because student activism strongly affects career choice. In Japan, career choice has a strong effect on adult politics. Former Japanese students… [PDF]
(1975). Humane Education: An Overview. This booklet traces the historical development of human education as it has been instilled into the young people of America from colonial times to the present and provides a future prognosis of humaneness in the schools. Humane education promotes humane behavior and is an important part of the humane movement in the United States, although until recently it has remained largely outside the education community. The authors explore various methods of inculcating humane ideals in children, such as formal instruction in just, kind, and compassionate behavior for all living creatures; dealing directly with animals, either by owning and caring for a pet or collecting scrapbook pictures and stories about animals; and reading animal stories. Topics discussed include Why Humane Education?; Humane Education and Its Subsystems (Conservation Education, Environmental Education, Outdoor Education); Humane Education–An Overview of Development; and Contemporary Humane Education (The George… [PDF]
(1974). Life Style Assessment: So What!. The construct life style was used by Alfred Adler to describe the characteristic way in which individuals act and think. Followers of his theories are now collecting evidence to support or validate his contentions. The assessment of client life styles serves: (1) to make the client aware of his misconceptions, (2) as a reference point for therapy, and (3) as the focal point of personality change. Thus, the assessment procedure–done one-to-one or in groups–constitutes for Adlerians an important part of therapy. Bringing into awareness the clients misconceptions implies respect for his ability to correct his mistakes; it is a form of encouragement. A counselor, to encourage, must respect the client's right to choose. Adlerians and others think that with proper information the individual will decide more effectively. Ideal thinking and behaving is a function of a healthy interest in others; this is termed social interest. A social interest index is used to measure the extent to which… [PDF]
(1971). Curricular Concerns in a Revolutionary Era. Readings from \Educational Leadership.\. Sixty-six articles and two poems, selected from \Educational Leadership\, comprise this book. Major emphasis is on curricular concerns and instruction in the schools of today and the future. Authors provide insightful, comprehensive understanding about educational issues and concerns rather than attempt final answers to complex problems. Re-examination of educational goals is necessary before future curriculum is reshaped. The materials, divided into 11 sections, are arranged partly in chronological order by date of publication and partly in accordance with logical treatment of the instructional concern represented. The divisions are: 1) Values; 2) Individualization; 3) Social Involvement; 4) The Search for Theory; 5) Integration; 6) Ethnic Studies; 7) Student Rights and Responsibilities; 8) Whorls in a Revolutionary Society; 9) Politics; 10) Adapting to the Needs of our Time; and, 11) In a World Setting. The various authors uphold the potential of each individual and express the… [PDF]
(1972). A Guide: To The Negro in American History. The black American has played a significant part in the development of the United States and the making of its institutions, but unfortunately historians have failed to objectively record and properly deal with Negro history. This instructional guide for secondary students, written in outline form, attempts to portray Negro history as an integral part of the American past and includes a broad yet comprehensive study of the Negro from early African civilizations of 700 A.D. to the present and, moreover, provides a projected look into the future. Emphasis is upon the many contributions and achievements that Negroes made throughout the nation as developers, inventors, defenders, leaders, educators, explorers, scientists, performers in the field of theatre, art, music, and literature and especially as contributors and builders of democracy. Twenty-one chapters depict a race forced from freedom into oppression and their continual struggle for human dignity through the American…
(1993). The Magic of Technology. NECC 1993: Proceedings of the Annual National Educational Computing Conference (14th, Orlando, Florida, June 27-30, 1993). These conference proceedings address the capabilities of technology in education. Papers and summaries of presentations are provided on the following topics: programs for special needs students; virtual realities; funding opportunities; videodiscs; future programs and perspectives; telecomputing; computer networks in the classroom; human infrastructures and interfaces; creating schedules with artificial intelligence; a management information system; a classroom instructional technology center; teacher training; student response journals; teachers and telecommunications; interactive electronic learning; integrating multimedia applications; exploring native cultures; implementation strategies; multimedia lesson planning tools; multimedia and hypermedia projects; electronic mail; global learning; local area networks; gender-free perspectives; for-profit schools; computer simulation of laboratory instruments; connecting students and the community; multimedia for bilingual children;… [PDF]